Carlavirus Isolation and RNA Extraction

All members of the genus are known to be transmitted mechanically, with the majority also being transmitted in a nonpersistent manner by aphids (1 ), though one confirmed carlavirus is known to be transmitted by whiteflies (2 ). Carlaviruses are noted for their narrow host range and tendency to induce little or no symptoms. This has led to many of the common names of carlaviruses, including carnation latent (CLV), American hop latent (AHLV), and lily symptomless virus (LSV). Although most carlaviruses do cause mild symptoms, there are a number of viruses that cause serious diseases on their own, for example, potato virus S (PVS) and M (PVM), blueberry scorch virus (BBScV), poplar mosaic virus (PMV), and a number of others that cause serious disease in mixed viral infections (with other viruses).