In Vitro Production of Gymnemic Acid from Gymnema sylvestre (Retz) R. Br. Ex Roemer and Schultes Through Callus Culture Under Abiotic Stress Condition

Plant secondary metabolites have enormous potential for research and new drug development. Many secondary metabolites have a complex and unique structure and their production is often enhanced by biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Gymnemic acid (C₄₃ H₆₈ O₁₄ ), a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, exhibits potent inhibitory effect on diabetes. The gymnemic acid content is determined by chromatographic methods: Camag HPTLC system equipped with a sample applicator Linomat IV and TLC scanner and integration software CAT 4.0. In HPLC C₁₈ (ODS) reverse phase column; water 486 UV detector; mobile phase, water/methanol (35:65, HPLC grade) + 0.1% acetic acid are used. Sample (20 μL) is applied with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and read at 230 nm with UV detector. The production of gymnemic acid is significantly higher in callus treated with 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin (KN). The blue light increases gymnemic acid accumulation upto 4.4-fold as compared with fluorescent light treatment and out of which 2.8 is found in leaves. Gymnemic acid is isolated from callus, grown under stress conditions followed by preparative TLC, simple and reproducible character based on HPTLC and high performance liquid chromatography.