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    马氏管 Malpighian tubule，Malpighiantube

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    2443
    为蜘蛛类、唇足类、倍足类、昆虫类开口于其中肠和后肠交界处的细长丝状盲管，是体腔内排泄废物的器官。从1对到 3对起，依种类有达 100条以上的。在蜘蛛类中来源于内胚层，其他种类则来源于外胚层。管壁密布着气管，末端游离于体腔，但在鳞翅目的幼虫，一度向前方伸展，然后屈折向后延伸，贯穿于后肠壁的肌肉层，最后连接于后肠的上皮细胞层。多数在开口处附近有收缩性的排出囊。认为与脊椎动物肾脏除了丝球体和肾小球囊以外的细尿管部分的功能相类似。吸血蝽象（ Rhodnius）在端部分泌尿酸形成的钠盐或钾盐，液状的内容物透明。在基部（开口于肠的部分）液状的内容物混浊，尿酸盐与二氧化碳化合后，形成尿酸的沉淀送往后肠，钠、钾作为碳酸氢盐被再吸收。水分在后肠基本上全部被再吸收。脉翅目的幼虫在化蛹前，可从马氏管排出丝状物质作茧，附带的功能是多种多样的。

     

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