前沿科技及其它

科研和医学研究工作者们在论文发表，科研成果展示中往往需要若干张涵领总意的插图，而生物医学领域从业人员通常对于平面设计软件所知甚微，那么精美插图对于科研、医学工作者来说，无疑是一道很难逾越的鸿沟。在国外学术交流、研究成果交流会议中，国外学者往往用若干张简洁精美的插图便能清晰地展示内容，国际知名期刊也越发要求投稿文章需要配上插图的大环境下，难道就没有一些简单而富有成效的方法帮助解决如此难题吗？今天，我们利用一款平 ...

（一）流式细胞术在细胞生物学中的应用 流式细胞术最早被应用于生物学研究领域，就是生物细胞周期和动力学的分析。近年来，DNA倍体分析已经越来越广泛应用于临床和基础研究，发挥越来越重要的作用。 1． 有利于肿瘤的早期诊断和鉴别诊断　良性肿瘤或良性增生时不会出现非整倍体细胞（DI＞１），而恶性肿瘤则伴有相当数量的非整倍体出现，相当部分癌前病变也有非整倍体的出现。所以非整倍体细胞是判断肿瘤恶变的一个重要标志。 2． 有利于判断肿瘤的预后　有学者研 ...

（一）不同来源样品的处理 1． 培养细胞 （1）培养细胞用0.25%的胰酶消化。 （2）PBS或生理盐水洗涤细胞2次，再用PBS或生理盐水悬浮细胞，加入预冷的无水乙醇，终浓度为60%～70% ，快速混匀，并用封口膜封口，置4℃下可保存15天左右。 2． 新鲜标本 （1）将标本切成1～2mm3的小块。 （2）PBS或生理盐水清洗后去除上清，加入0.2％胶原酶（或0.15％胰蛋白酶）37℃消化10～30min（根据实验及不同组织确定），并不断振动。 （3）300目尼龙筛过滤， ...

1. 工作原理 流式细胞仪主要由流动室及液流系统、激光器及光学系统、光电管及检测系统、计算机及分析系统四个部分组成，见图18-1。 待测细胞被制备成单细胞悬液，经特异性荧光染料染色后置于专用样品管中，在气体压力推动下被压入流动室，流动室内充满鞘液（不含细胞或微粒的缓冲液），在高压作用下从鞘液管喷出包裹细胞，使细胞排成单列形成细胞液柱，依次通过检测区。液柱与高度聚焦的激光束垂直相交，被荧光染料染色的细胞受到激光激发产生荧光信号 ...

细胞治疗是将人体细胞经体外培养、诱导增殖活化后回输入人体的一种治疗肿瘤等疾病的方法，因安全有效，并能提高生活质量而广为人们所关注和采用。细胞治疗离不开细胞培养，而培养过程中细胞因子或活性蛋白的加入不可或缺，这些细胞因子或活性蛋白目前基本上都是重组表达而来。对于原核细胞表达，培养时需在培养基中加入蛋白胨。而真核细胞表达时，则需在培养液中加入牛血清。蛋白胨和牛血清都是动物成分，因此用传统表达法表达出来的细胞因子或 ...

在过去几年中，基因重组新技术不断给人们惊喜。上个世纪九十年代，Sangamo公司开发出Zinc Finger nuclease (ZFN)技术，用于遗传病的基因治疗技术的开发。在2010年将科研领域的应用授权给Sigma-Aldrich公司。 直到2012年，基因重组方面一直是ZFN技术一家独大。不过，自从全基因组测序的成本大幅降低后，包括德国和美国在内的学者对于ZFN的靶向性进行研究，发现其有比较严重的脱靶现象，这也给San ...

记者从中科院广州生物医药与健康研究院获悉，由该院博士赖良学领衔的研究团队，日前将人类成纤维细胞直接转分化成为神经元限制性前体细胞。分化后的细胞能在体外培养条件下大量增殖，并且仅特异分化为神经元，而不会产生胶质细胞。这项技术将可能为采用细胞替换疗法治疗人类神经退行性疾病提供一个新的细胞来源。相关研究成果近日在线发表于《生物化学》杂志。据介绍，当前许多研究用成纤维细胞生成神经干细胞。神经干细胞可分化为神经元和胶质 ...

一、实验背景丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）是引起丙型肝炎的罪魁祸首，全球有 1.3 亿人慢性感染HCV并逐步 发展成肝硬化和肝癌，但就其致病机理却并不像其他肝炎病毒（如 HBV）一样清晰，在HCV进入肝细胞的过程中，一系列的受体识别和相互作用的参与其中，还包括由网格蛋白(clathrin)参与的内吞作用，但目前除 了受体之外，感染性 HCV 入侵的所需的其他的细胞分子还知之甚少。二、实验方法通过筛选了包含靶向标记 140 个细胞膜流通蛋白 siRNA 的文库， 以期找到 H ...

A novel computer model based on a discrete event simulation procedure describes quantitatively the processes underlying the metastatic cascade. Analytical functions describe the size of the primary tumor and the metastases, while a rate function models the intravasation events of ...

In the past 10 years, we have developed a new approach to the development of a clinically accurate rodent model for human cancer based on our invention of surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI). The SOI models have been described in approx. 70 publications and in 4 patents.*SOI allows human tumors of a ...

Fluorescent proteins have revolutionized biology, allowing what was formerly invisible to be clearly seen. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 2008 for the discovery and early use of green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a genetic reporter. Our laboratory pioneered the use of GFP for in vivo ...

Small animals are widely used for the identification of new therapeutic targets and the evaluation of potential anticancer therapies. To study tumors and metastasis in longitudinal studies of tumor progression, fast noninvasive and easy-to-handle imaging modalities are requir ...

Patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and prostate cancer (PCa) as well as other solid tumors may have micro- or macro-metastatic spread at an early stage of the disease. SCLC and PCa xenograft transfer models in immunodeficient mice fail to model this metastatic spread in vivo. In both tumor t ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important technique for noninvasive cell tracking in preclinical research. Following appropriate cell labeling MRI can be used to detect larger cell cohorts and also single cells in vivo in mice. Cell distribution to different organs such as ...

Immunodeficient mice are widely used for cancer research as they can provide an in vivo system in which to study the tumorigenicity and metastatic potential of human cancer cells. The athymic or “nude” mouse has been employed for a variety of experimental analyses of tumor growth, invasion, and me ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of small animals has emerged as a valuable tool to noninvasively monitor tumor growth in mouse models of cancer. However, imaging of metastases in mouse models is difficult due to the need for high spatial resolution. We have demonstrated MRI of metastases in the l ...

The growth of human tumor cells transplanted into immunodeficient mice is frequently studied to gain understanding about the way potential drug treatments interfere with growth in vivo. A wide range of methods is available for learning about specific aspects of tumor cell behavior, for ex ...

Tumor invasion is the outcome of a complex interplay between cancer cells and the stromal environment and requires the infiltration of a dense, cross-linked meshwork of collagen type I extracellular matrix. We use a membrane-free single-cell and spheroid-based complementary model to s ...

Basement membranes, specialized extracellular matrices composed of collagens, laminins, and proteoglycans, form thin, continuous sheetlike structures that separate epithelial tissues from adjacent connective tissues. The crossing of basement membranes by cancer cel ...

Adhesion of metastatic cancer cells to the vascular endothelium of the target organs and their subsequent transendothelial migration is one of the critical, yet poorly understood, steps of the metastatic cascade. Conventionally, the mechanisms of this complex process have been stud ...