细胞技术

Biological science is a rapidly flowing experimental stream, at times encountering a dam that impedes further progress. At such a pomt, a single crack may induce a major breakthrough Discovery of the double helical structure of DNA in 1953 (1) caused such an event, with flooding of new information i ...

In the laboratory, antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have repeatedly demonstrated efficacy in modulating the expression of various genes, thus providing important insights into their roles in tumorigenesis or normal growth and development (1–3). Although attention has ...

Antisense oligonucleotides represent a new paradigm for drug discovery that holds great promise to deliver potent and specific drugs with fewer undesired side effects. The antisense paradigm offers the opportunity to identify rapidly lead compounds based on knowledge of the biolo ...

With the advent of modern molecular genetics and molecular biology, we will face more and more situations where novel gene products with unknown functions are identified. Genetic linkage analysis will allow the association of novel or known genes to Important diseases (1). Similarly, sen ...

When considering the use of antisense technology for in vivo apphcatron, whether for therapeutic development or for the creation of animal models for human diseases, a major problem is that most extracellular compartments are constantly mixing with the blood, lymph, cerebrospinal flu ...

Cancerous cells display overexpression or mutant expression of one or more of the genes normally used in cell proliferation. Such genes are called protoncogenes (1). The imphcation is that the targets that must be attacked in neoplastic cells are normal cellular genes that have sustained so ...

The proto-oncogene c-myb is a cellular homolog of a viral oncogene v-myb found in two independently derived avian acute leukemia viruses: avian myeloblastosis vn-us (AMV) and E26 leukemia virus (1). The myb gene is highly conserved in eukaryotes, and it usually consists of 15 exons spanning over 35 ...

Infectious diseases in general and viral infections in particular can be viewed as acquired genetic diseases (1, 2). At the molecular level, clinical signs and symptoms of viral infections are frequently caused by the expression or overexpression of the acquired genes. Based on this basic co ...

There is hardly any class of drugs for which the term “ratronal drug design” is more appropriate than for the currently developing antisense therapeutics. The specrficlty of the hybridization reaction and the surprisingly efficient uptake of synthetrc oligonucleotide derivativ ...

Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated cell fusion is a simple and efficient technique used widely for the production of somatic cell hybrids and for nuclear transfer in mammalian cloning. We describe a basic protocol of PEG-mediated cell fusion for the production of somatic cell hybrids. Fu ...

Cell fusion is an approach for combining genetic and epigenetic information between two different types of cells. Electrofusion for generating hybrid cells between mouse embryonic stem cells and somatic cells, which is a type of nonchemically induced and nonvirus-mediated cell fus ...

Cells of different types can be induced to fuse by electroshock. Cells of one type are typically dominant and are able to reprogram the nuclei derived from cells of the other type, in fusion hybrids derived from one cell of each type. Flow cytometry provides a quick and objective technique to assess cell f ...

The direct transformation of one somatic cell type into another somatic cell type would be beneficial for producing isogenic replacement cells for therapeutic use. Various approaches for altering cell fate are being developed, including methods for differentiating stem cells iso ...

We have developed a novel method to produce large numbers of neural stem cells and neurons directly from embryonic stem (ES) cells. The method is composed of three culture stages. In the first stage, floating ES cell colonies are cultured in astrocyte-conditioned medium to directly different ...

Oligodendrocytes develop from proliferating oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which arise in germinal zones, migrate throughout the developing white matter and divide a limited number of times before they terminally differentiate. Thus far, it has been possible to purify ...

The embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from the inner cell mass of the blastula stage embryo bear the complete repertoire of the complex organizational blueprint of an organism. These fascinating cells are bestowed with pluripotent characteristics and can be directed to differentiate i ...

Neuronally differentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells offer a flexible and extremely potent model to study nervous system development and disease. A variety of protocols have been described to facilitate neuronal differentiation. The density of ES cells used for neuronal different ...

The senses of hearing and balance are mediated by hair cells located in the cochlea and in the vestibular organs of the vertebrate inner ear. Loss of hair cells and other cell types of the inner ear results in hearing and balance disorders that substantially diminish the quality of life. The irreversib ...

In our two-step culturing system, epidermal progenitor cells derived from differentiating embryonic stem cells in vitro are plated on either a basement membrane matrix or in coculture. On plating on basement membrane, differentiation along the epidermal lineage is evident and repro ...

We describe an improved culturing protocol to direct embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation along the epidermal lineage in vitro. Pluripotent ES cells co-cultured with mitomycin C-treated mature epidermal cells at low density resulted in colonies that undergo differentiation ...