细胞技术

Present diagnostic techniques do not allow the detection of early metastatic spread of tumor cells, although this spread largely determines the clinical course of patients with small primary cancers, especially lung cancer. To improve the diagnosis of this occult stage of early metast ...

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 75% of all human lung carcinomas and is a major cause of mortality worldwide (1). About 70% of the cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, thus being suitable only for chemotherapy. Twenty-five percent of NSCLC patients are candidat ...

Tumorigenesis of the bronchial epithelium occurs through multiple and sequential morphological and molecular changes (1). In the respiratory tract, the earliest detectable morphological change is squamous metaplasia of the tracheo-bronchial epithelium upon exposure to c ...

Lung cancer is the most common cancer with the highest mortality worldwide. An estimated 1.04 million new cases were diagnosed and 921,000 deaths occurred in 1990. In the United States, an estimated 171,600 new cases of lung cancer with 158,900 deaths were reported in 1999 (1). Most lung tumors are inop ...

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cause of death by malignancy in both men and women in the United States (1). The current staging system for NSCLC considers the size and location of the primary tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastases ...

Transcription factors play a crucial role in the determination and maintenance of differentiated cellular phenotype and their activity is considered to constitute the main switch to regulate gene expression (1). Based on their localization and expression, transcription facto ...

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) comprises a significant fraction of all lung cancers; it is most frequent in women, where it represents up to 25% (1). It is characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation, with immunohistochemistry for certain neuroepithelial markers used in diagnosis to ...

Early diagnosis of lung cancer is critical, as most cases are already inoperable at the time of diagnosis, and thus bear a grave prognosis. With increasing knowledge of the genetic aspects of lung cancer, the field has also experienced an increasing number of potential markers that might serve in the ...

Lung cancer is a disease with high incidence and mortality (1). The prognosis for patients with lung cancer is most favorable when tumors are detected early in a surgically resectable stage of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods that can increase the percentage of cases of lung cancer dete ...

When lung cancer is detected, in the majority of cases it cannot be effectively treated and the patient will die of the disease. At presentation, most thoracic tumors are currently staged as nonresectable (1). This factor, coupled with the relative resistance of the disease to chemotherapeutic ...

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are mitogenic peptide hormones involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, transformation, and apoptosis. The members of the IGF family include two types of peptides (IGF-1 and IGF-2), two types of cell membrane receptors (IG ...

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers afflicting the citizens of developed countries (1). While the lung is a complex tissue composed of over 40 different cell types, the most common lung cancers, large cell lung carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), squamous cell carcinoma, and adeno ...

Cancer is a multistep progressive disease of increasing genomic instability. Genomic instability is a condition where the cell looses the ability to retain the semi-conservative means of its genome replication because of vital controlling mechanisms dysfunction. Thus, replica ...

The value of early detection is clear from current tests for specific cancers: self-examination and mammography for breast, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for prostate, and Pap smears for cervical cancers. No such method exists for early detection of lung cancer. New methods are being des ...

Lung cancer is a highly aggressive neoplasm, a characteristic that is reflected by the multitude of genetic aberrations detectable on the chromosomal and molecular level. In order to understand these seemingly chaotic chromosomal alterations, we have performed Comparative Geno ...

Gene amplifications and deletions frequently contribute to tumorigenesis. The characterization of DNA copy-number changes by Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) has shown that these changes are not occurring randomly. As summarized in the previous chapter, recurring p ...

As discussed in previous chapters, lung cancer is one of most deadly diseases and conventional treatments for lung cancer patients are largely ineffective. Presented with at least four major histological types oflung cancers, dependable tools for early detection and diagnosis of each ...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among men and women in the United States with 170,000 deaths per year. This exceeds the sum of the next three leading causes of death due to cancer: breast, colon, and prostate. There are over 1 million deaths worldwide due to lung cancer, making it truly an epidemic. ...

Lung cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases and is the major cause of cancer deaths in the Western world. Lung cancer can be divided into two main categories, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Due to the enormity of the problem of lung cancer thr ...

cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is involved in various cellular functions such as cell proliferation, gene induction, and metabolism (1,2) and its regulatory subunits have been suggested as a drug target for cancer and other diseases (3). PKA is composed of two catalytic (C) and two regula ...