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Chiral Separations by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives as Chiral Counter-Ions

Cinchona alkaloids and derivatives thereof, obtained by dedicated structural modifications, have a long tradition in various stereochemical methods. Among them, their stereoselective ion-pairing capabilities for acidic compounds have been exploited for capillary ele ...

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Use of Chiral Crown Ethers in Capillary Electrophoresis

Chiral crown ethers are known to include stereoselectively compounds containing primary amino groups. This principle has successfully been applied in liquid chromatography (LC) using crown ether-based stationary phases (1–10). Kuhn et al. (11) transferred this basic principle to ...

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Chiral Separation Principles: An Introduction

The development of methods for chiral separation on an analytical as well as on a preparative scale has attracted great attention during the past two decades. Chromatographic methods such as gas chromatography (GC) (1), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (2–6), supercrit ...

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Chiral Separation by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Polysaccharides

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers numerous advantages, such as high separation efficiency, analysis speed, instrumentation simplicity, and reduced operating costs, compared with other separation analytical methods. One of the successful application areas of CE is in dr ...

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Chiral Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), which was first introduced in 1984 (1), has become one of major separation modes in capillary electrophoresis (CE), owing to its applicability to the separation of neutral compounds as well as charged ones (2,3). The separation principle of ...

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Chiral Separation by Capillary Electrophoresis in Nonaqueous Medium

In the last few years, nonaqueous background electrolyte (BGE) solutions have attracted increasing interest, not only in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) but also in other capillary electrophoretic techniques (CE) (1). Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) explo ...

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Chiral Ligand-Exchange Capillary Electrophoresis and Capillary Electrochromatography

The principle of chiral ligand-exchange chromatography was introduced in the early 1970s by Davankov and Rogozhin (1). This basic principle was successfully transferred also to capillary electrophoresis (CE). A survey of applications of ligand-exchange capillary electropho ...

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Enantioseparation in Capillary Chromatography and Capillary Electrochromatography Using Polysaccharide-Type Chiral Stationary Phases

Polysaccharide esters and phenylcarbamates represent powerful chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for enantioseparations in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (1). Within the last few years, these materials have been increasingly used for enantioseparations ...

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Chiral Separation by Capillary Electrochromatography Using Cyclodextrin Phases

Cyclodextrin and its derivatives are well known chiral selectors in gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and also in capillary electrochromatography (CEC), a hybrid method of CE and liquid chromatography ( ...

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Separation of Enantiomers by Thin-Layer Chromatography: An Overview

The present review discusses the versatile applicability and separation mechanisms of thin-layer chromatographic enantiomeric separations. More detailed descriptions will be given for practical applications—separations of underivatized samples—on commercia ...

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Chiral Separations by Capillary Electrochromatography Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

It is strongly recommended for the reader to first study the introduction in Chapter 9, “Chiral Separations by HPLC Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers,” to extract the basic features off molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) synthesis. Also, it can be useful to read the Methods section and to s ...

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Cyclodextrin-Based Chiral Stationary Phases for Liquid Chromatography: A Twenty-Year Overview

Reversed-phase chiral stationary phases (CSPs) were important early on because pharmacokinetic and pharmocodynamic studies, which were done via reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), required a solvent-compatible CSP to separate chiral analy ...

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Chiral Separation by HPLC Using Polysaccharide-Based Chiral Stationary Phases

Chiral separation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a chiral stationary phase (CSP) is one of the most efficient methods for separating enantiomers, not only on an analytical scale, but also on a preparative scale, and in the past two decades, many CSPs have been developed. ...

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Enantiomeric Separations by HPLC Using Macrocyclic Glycopeptide-Based Chiral Stationary Phases: An Overview

The development of effective high efficiency enantiomeric separations is a tremendous success story (1). The separation of enantiomers is now accomplished by chiral chromatographic and electrophoretic methods, which includes gas chromatography (GC), high-performance li ...

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Applications of Polysaccharide-Based Chiral Stationary Phases for Resolution of Different Compound Classes

The impact of chirality on drug development and use has been well documented (1–6). Therefore, the chiral resolution is essential in pharmaceutical, agriculture, and food industries. In view of this, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has issued certain guidelines for the marketing of race ...

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Chiral Separation by HPLC With Pirkle-Type Chiral Stationary Phases

Liquid chromatographic resolution of enantiomers on chiral stationary phases (CSPs) has been known as the most accurate and convenient means of determining the enantiomeric composition of chiral compounds including chiral drugs. As a result of significant effort devoted to the dev ...

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Chiral Separation by HPLC Using the Ligand-Exchange Principle

Ligand exchange was the first enantioselective (chiral) liquid chromatography technique (1) that, in the late 1960s (2), allowed a complete separation of enantiomers of a racemic analyte.

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Chiral Separations by HPLC Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

In the past decade the molecular imprinting technology (MIT) has developed to become a promising approach for the synthesis of artificial receptors (1,2). The technique is based on a template-assisted polymerization, and the resultant molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is able to reb ...

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Direct Chiral Resolution of Optical Isomers of Diltiazem Hydrochloride by Packed Column Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Packed column subcritical and/or supercritical fluid chromatography (p-sub or pSFC) has been used as a powerful chiral separation technique, whereby a mobile phase produces low viscosity, a high diffusion coefficient, and a solvating power. P-sub- or p-SFC tends to obtain higher column ef ...

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Introduction to Supercritical Fluids and Their Applications

Cagniard de la Tour showed in 1822 that there is a critical temperature above which a single substance can only exist as a fluid and not as either a liquid or gas. He heated substances, present as both liquid and vapor, in a sealed cannon, which he rocked back and forth and discovered that, at a certain temperature, t ...

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