mRNA: Detection by In Situ and Northern Hybridization
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In situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH), first described in 1969 by Gall and Pardue and John et al. (1 ,2 ) and northern hybridization, first described by Alwine et al. (3 ), have become very powerful and now quite well established techniques in many research areas, including that of receptor research. Such applications include
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direct assessment of the presence, distribution, and modulation of specific RNA species under different physiological conditions (4 ,5 );
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molecular investigations of potential mRNA splice variants and region-specific heterogeneity in multimeric-receptor subunit expression (6 ,7 );
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indirect identification of receptor-expression to add credence to the existence of that receptor when highly selective ligands are unavailable for receptor binding site localization studies (8 ); and
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investigation of molecular changes in pathological states and the possible modes of action of drugs used to treat such conditions (9 –11 ).
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