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        Immunohistochemical Detection of Hepatitis Delta Antigen

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        There is only one antigen specifically associated with the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection, i.e., the hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) (1 ,2 ). HDAg is a phosphoprotein encoded by an open reading frame conserved among all HDV isolates. HDAg is a structural protein, because approx 200 subunits of HDAg bind via specific domains to genomic RNA, forming a core-like structure within an envelope provided by the co-infecting helper hepadnavirus (3 ). HDAg consists of two protein species of 24 kDa (195 amino acids) and 27 kDa (214 amino acids), referred to as small HDAg (S-HDAg) and large HDAg (L-HDAg), respectively. Those two proteins share the same primary structure, except for a unique 19-amino-acid sequence found at the C-terminus of L-HDAg, which possesses packaging activity. This additional sequence found in L-HDAg is synthesized via an RNA-editing process during HDV replication.
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