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        专化性的麦角甾醇合成抑制剂

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        1297

        α-Bisabolol from Chamomile � A specific ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor?
        Summary
        There is a strong need for new antifungal agents with a different mode of action
        due to the therapeutic limitations of existing drugs and the development of
        fungal resistances ([NIAID, The second NIAID workshop in medical mycology:
        molecular and immunologic approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of systemic
        mycoses,
        http://www.niaid.nih.gov/dmid/meetings/mycology94/fungal.htm (2001)]).
        Mammalians, plants and fungi produce at least different cell wall sterols from
        common precursors. No antifungal drug is known that specifically prevents the
        formation of the fungal ergosterol, without affecting sterol biosynthesis at
        early, common stages (DiDomenico, B., Novel antifungal drugs, Curr Opin
        Microbiol 1999;2:509�15; Walsh TJ, Viviani MA, Arathoon E, Chiou C, Ghannoum M,
        Groll AH, et al., New target and delivery systems for antifungal therapy, Med
        Mycol 2000;38(Suppl. I):335�47). To find new inhibitors that may inhibit
        ergosterol biosynthesis, a query of a database on antimicrobials (Pauli, A.,
        AmicBase 2005. Weinheim, New York: Wiley, 2005a; Pauli, A., Anticandidal low
        molecular compounds from higher plants with special reference to compounds from
        essential oils. Med Res Rev doi:10.1002/med.20050; 2005b) was performed with
        substructures of intermediates of ergosterol biosynthesis. As a result a series
        of Candida albicans-inhibiting compounds were identified that all possess the
        side chain of zymosterol as a substructure; their anticandidal activity was
        found to be increased with increase of their molecular volume. The entire
        structure of the Chamomile constituent α-bisabolol is found as a substructure in
        similar form within zymosterol. It was therefore concluded that compounds of
        this type interfere with ergosterol biosynthesis at the level of zymosterol and
        prevent the formation of fecosterol from zymosterol, which is the first fungi
        specific step in ergosterol biosynthesis. Due to the low toxicity of α-bisabolol
        (Schilcher H, Wirkungsweise und Anwendungsformen der Kamillenblüten, BMV
        Berliner Medizinische Verlagsanstalt GmbH, Berlin; 2004) the compound comes into
        question as a therapeutic agent and may serve as a lead compound in the
        development of new antifungal drugs.

         

        note:   a-Bisabolol  天然红没药醇

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