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Less common disorders:L

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DISEASE AND CAUSES PATHOPHYSIOLOGY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Lassa fever  
  • Viral infection due to Lassa species
An epidemic hemorrhagic fever transmitted to humans by contact with infected rodent urine, feces, or saliva.
  • Fever lasts 2 to 3 weeks
  • Exudative pharyngitis
  • Oral ulcers
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Swelling of face and neck
  • Purpura
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Bradycardia
  • Shock
  • Peripheral collapse
Latex allergy  
  • Hypersensitivity to products containing natural latex
Latex protein allergens trigger release of histamine and other mediators of the systemic allergic cascade in sensitized persons.
  • Local dermatitis to anaphylactic reaction
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease  
  • Caused by congenital or developmental factors
Ischemic necrosis leads to eventual flattening of the head of the femur due to vascular interruption.
  • Pain in hip and proximal thigh
  • Loss of internal rotation, extension, adduction, and flexion
Legionnaires' disease  
  • Infection due to gram-negative bacillus, Legionella pneumophila
Transmission of disease occurs with inhalation of organism carried in aerosols produced by air-conditioning units, water faucets, shower heads, humidifiers, and contaminated respiratory equipment.
  • Dry cough
  • Myalgia
  • GI distress
  • Pneumonia
  • Cardiovascular collapse
Leprosy  
  • Infection due to Mycobacterium leprae
Chronic, systemic infection with progressive cutaneous lesions, attacking the peripheral nervous system.
  • Skin lesions
  • Anesthesia
  • Muscle weakness
  • Paralysis
Lichen planus  
  • Cause unknown
Benign pruritic skin eruption that usually resolves in 2 to 3 years.
  • Itching
  • Scaly, purple papules with white lines or spots on skin or mouth
Listeriosis  
  • Infection due to gram-positive bacillus Listeria monocytogenes
Infection with febrile illness, transmitted by neonates in utero, by inhalation, consumption, or contact with contaminated unpasteurized milk, infected animals, or contaminated sewage, mud, or soil.
  • Fever
  • Meningitis
  • Spontaneous abortion

 

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