疾病及处理

Most studies of the T-cell response to Plasmodium-infected hepatocytes have been done with the rodent parasites, P. yoelii and P. berghei. Early experiments showed that mice immunized with irradiated sporozoites of P. berghei and devoid of antibodies after a long-term treatment with anti ...

Unlike other malaria parasites of man, Plasmodium falciparum parasites are able to sequester in postcapillary venules (1). This allows mature forms of the parasite to avoid circulating through the spleen, where they could be destroyed. Parasites sequester by adhering to receptors on the ...

Erythrocytic cycle malaria parasite growth or invasion inhibition assays (GIA) compare the effects of various test and control substances on malaria parasite growth in erythrocytes or invasion into erythrocytes in vitro. Although inhibitions by antimalarial drugs in vitro corr ...

The antibody-dependent cellular inhibition (ADCI) assay is designed to assess the capability of antibodies to inhibit the in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum in the presence of monocytes. Our studies have shown that antibodies that proved protective against P. falciparum blood s ...

Adhesion assays performed under static conditions reveal a great deal about the molecular mechanisms by which malaria-infected red blood cells adhere to the vascular endothelium. Nevertheless, they do not accurately model the process in vivo as they neglect the influence of physiolo ...

In the previous chapter (see Chapter 53), we described our method for visualizing and quantifying adhesion of malaria-infected red blood cells to endothelial cells or purified receptors using flat, rectangular glass microcapillary tubes (microslides) as flow chambers. In this chap ...

In 1981, Bordier (1) first demonstrated that Triton X-114 could be exploited as a means of separating hydrophilic and integral membrane proteins. Since then, Triton X-114 phase partitioning has been extensively used for identification and isolation of membrane proteins and has proved to be a ...

Current malaria control strategies are based on interventions aimed at either reducing exposure to infectious bites or at chemosupressing the parasite while in the host. In brief, the most commonly used methods to reduce exposure have relied on trying to reduce the number of adult vectors with ...

Immunoprecipitation was introduced by Schwartz and Nathenson (1) who used the procedure to isolate radioactively labeled antigens extracted by nonionic detergent. The procedure selectively precipitates an antigen(s) of interest using antibodies as a specific selection com ...

The erythrocytic stages of the malarial parasites were first observed in man by Laveran in 1880 (1) and in birds by Danilevsky in 1884 (2). This was followed by the discovery and elucidation of the sporogonous cycle by Ross (1897) (3) and Grassi (1900) (4). Schaudinn produced an apparent link between these ...

Plasmodium berghei was probably first described in 1946 by Vincke in blood films of the stomach contents of Anopheles dureni. In 1948, it was subsequently found in blood films of Grammomys surdaster collected in Kisanga, Katanga; blood was passaged to white rats and became the K173 strain made wid ...

Malaria parasites infect a variety of animals, including reptiles, birds, rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans (1). The most commonly studied hosts for biologic, immunologic, and chemotherapeutic studies are rodents and nonhuman primates. The nonhuman primate models of interest ...

Malaria parasites infect a variety of animals, including reptiles, birds, rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans (1). The most commonly studied hosts for biologic, immunologic, and chemotherapeutic studies are rodents and nonhuman primates. The nonhuman primate models of interest ...

Many studies in molecular epidemiology of malaria require the researcher to enumerate or to characterize multiple Plasmodium falciparum infections found concurrently in one carrier. These individual clones can be distinguished by a genotyping scheme based on the different all ...

Infections with human malaria parasites in New World monkeys offer opportunities to determine host-parasite interactions and relationships, to produce malarial antigens for diagnostic and molecular characterization, to conduct drug and vaccine efficacy trials, and to prod ...

The liver stages of the malaria parasite have long been a difficult part of the life cycle to study. Very little is known about the localization of the parasite within the liver and no method for the estimation of liver parasite burden is in common use. Differences in liver parasite burden would provide a go ...

Microsatellites (MS) are simple sequence repeats (SSRs) such as (CA)n, (TAA)n, or (TA)n that have been found in all eukaryotes studied (1-3). The number of repeated nucleotides per unit is generally limited to between 1 and 5, in contrast to the longer repeats characteristic of minisatellites. Whe ...

A standard method for evaluating inhibitory effects on preerythrocytic parasites in murine malaria models is to measure the time to patency of a blood-stage infection following a sporozoite challenge. The prevention of a blood-stage infection or a delay in patency suggests that preery ...

This chapter describes methods relating to the handling and processing of Anopheles mosquitoes captured during malaria vector field studies. Areas covered include the following methods

It is now established that Plasmodium falciparum parasites found in any one area are highly diverse and that individual hosts, vertebrate and insect, are often concurrently infected by multiple parasite lines (for example, see refs. 1-4). Different parasite lines of the same Plasmodium sp ...