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细胞功能测定

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Gene Delivery to Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Successful gene therapy technology relies on the delivery of the therapeutic product into appropriate target cells. Gene delivery to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been proposed as a mechanism to promote the augmentation of tissue-engineered replacement systems. In particula ...

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Colony Forming Unit Assays for MSCs

MSCs are the plastic adherent adult stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow originally referred to as fibroblastoid colony forming units, then in the hematological literature as marrow stromal cells, subsequently as mesenchymal stem cells, and most recently as multipotential mes ...

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Isolation and Characterization of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

The derivation of human embryonic stem (hES) cells is a challenging procedure. The isolation and maintenance of hES is visually and manually complicated, involving mechanical or enzymatic passaging using either collagenase or trypsin. This chapter describes detailed protocols t ...

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Derivation and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Since their derivation in 1998, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been the center of tremendous scientific efforts in improve the existing methodologies for their isolation and maintenance to exhaust the potential use of these unique cells in cell-based therapy and development ...

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The Analysis of Mitochondria and Mitochondrial DNA in Human Embryonic Stem Cells

As human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) undergo differentiation, they express genes characteristic of the lineage for which they are destined. However, fully differentiated individual cell types can be characterized by the number of mitochondria they possess and the copies of the mitoc ...

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A Novel Experimental Platform for Investigating Cancer Growth and Anti-Cancer Therapy in a Human Tissue Microenvironment Derived From Human Embryonic

There is no available experimental system wherein human cancer cells can be grown in the context of a mixed population of normal differentiated human cells for testing biological aspects of cancer cell growth (tumor cell invasion, angiogenesis) or response to anti-cancer therapies. Hum ...

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Confrontation Cultures of Embryonic Stem Cells With Multicellular Tumor Spheroids to Study Tumor-Induced Angiogenesis

Human embryonic stem cells efficiently differentiate blood vessels, which allows using this in vitro model to study the interaction of blood vessels with adjacent tissues. Herein, we introduce confrontation cultures of human embryonic stem cells with multicellular tumor sphero ...

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Microarray Approach to Identify the Signaling Network Responsible for Self-Renewal of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

This chapter introduces the representative method to culture human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) under the feeder and feeder-free conditions, the former of which is used to maintain or expand undifferentiated hESCs, and the latter can be used for preparation of pure hESCs RNA samples, or for sc ...

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Retroviral Transduction of Hematopoietic Progenitors Derived From Human Embryonic Stem Cells

It has been recently identified that cytokines and BMP-4 promote hematopoiesis from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and that, before hematopoietic commitment, a rare subpopulation of cells lacking CD45, but expressing PECAM-1, Flk-1, and VE-cadherin (hereinafter termed CD45neg ...

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Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to the Chick Embryo

The traditional methods of studying the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are to differentiate them in vitro or in immune-deficient mice as teratomas. The chick embryo is a well-studied and accessible experimental system that has been shown to permit the development of ...

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Continuous Infusion of Antisense Phosphorothioate Therapeutics

Current therapy for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) includes induction with Ara-C and an anthracycline, such as daunorubicin, idarubicin, or mitoxantrone. Unfortunately, most patients relapse from initial remission. Nearly one-fifth of early relapses experience treatme ...

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Protein Kinase-A Directed Antisense Therapy of Tumor Growth In Vivo: The Antisense Effects Outlast Antisense Survival

Standard chemotherapy for cancer usually is accompanied by systemic tox icity, reflecting the large number of cellular targets affected by the chemo therapeutic agent. in principle, an antisense oligonucleotide targeted at a gene essential for neoplastic cell growth should inter ...

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Antisense Therapeutics in the Central Nervous System: The Induction of c-fos

Immediate-early genes (IEGs) are members of a class of genes that respond, in many cell types, to a variety of stimuli by rapid, but transient expression (1). Several of these IEGs code for transcription factors and include the widely studied activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor comp ...

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Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Antisense Oligonucleotides

Antisense oligonucleotides have attracted special interest as a novel class of therapeutic agents for the treatment of viral infection, cancers, and genetic disorders because of their ablhty to inhibit expression of a disease-associated gene in a sequence-specific manner. Gene ex ...

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History of Antisense Oligonucleotides

Biological science is a rapidly flowing experimental stream, at times encountering a dam that impedes further progress. At such a pomt, a single crack may induce a major breakthrough Discovery of the double helical structure of DNA in 1953 (1) caused such an event, with flooding of new information i ...

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Antisense Efficacy: Site-Restricted In Vivo and Ex Vivo Models

In the laboratory, antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have repeatedly demonstrated efficacy in modulating the expression of various genes, thus providing important insights into their roles in tumorigenesis or normal growth and development (1–3). Although attention has ...

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Pharmacology of Antisense Therapeutic Agents: Cancer and Inflamination

Antisense oligonucleotides represent a new paradigm for drug discovery that holds great promise to deliver potent and specific drugs with fewer undesired side effects. The antisense paradigm offers the opportunity to identify rapidly lead compounds based on knowledge of the biolo ...

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Antisense Blockade of Expression: SNAP-25 In Vitro and In Vivo

With the advent of modern molecular genetics and molecular biology, we will face more and more situations where novel gene products with unknown functions are identified. Genetic linkage analysis will allow the association of novel or known genes to Important diseases (1). Similarly, sen ...

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Antisense Inhibition of Protein Synthesis and Function: Rabbit Retinal Protein

When considering the use of antisense technology for in vivo apphcatron, whether for therapeutic development or for the creation of animal models for human diseases, a major problem is that most extracellular compartments are constantly mixing with the blood, lymph, cerebrospinal flu ...

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Antisense Tumor Therapy: Activated C-Ha-ras Oncogene in the Mouse

Cancerous cells display overexpression or mutant expression of one or more of the genes normally used in cell proliferation. Such genes are called protoncogenes (1). The imphcation is that the targets that must be attacked in neoplastic cells are normal cellular genes that have sustained so ...

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