细胞功能测定

Topology of closed circular DNA is affected by its packaging into nucleosomes and potentially by alteration of nucleosome structure. Changes in topology that reflect alterations in chromatin structure can be measured and quantified using closed circular plasmids from living yea ...

The recognition and repair of DNA lesions occurs within a chromatin environment. Genetically tagging fluorescent proteins to DNA damage response proteins has provided spatial and temporal details concerning the establishment of biochemical subnuclear regions geared towa ...

Polypeptide growth factors stimulate cellular proliferation by binding to the extracellular domain of transmembrane receptors and thereby activating intracellular signal transduction pathways. One cellular response to mitogenic stimulation is the sequential tran ...

PCR using primers of arbitrary sequence can generate a reproducible fingerprint of products from DNA (1,2). Differences in the fingerprint of products generated from DNA of related organism are a result of polymorphisms. These polymorphisms proved useful markers for genetic mapping ( ...

Since their first introduction in 1992 (1,2), differential display (DD) and its relatives have been used extensively in various fields of biology where the identification of differentially expressed messages are of particular interest and importance (for review, see ref. 3). These new te ...

Differential gene expression occurs in all phases of life, including development, maintenance, injury, and death of an organism. Being able to identify these genes will help understand not only gene function but also the underlying molecular mechanisms of a particular biological syst ...

This report describes an approach to identifying and cloning messages from differential display (DD) gels that has markedly reduced the occurrence of false positives as well as the time required for the process. Most importantly, the use of Northern blots with potentially contaminated p ...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based mRNA differential display (1) has become an increasingly popular alternative technique for isolating genes of interest in a variety of in vitro and in vivo systems (for review, see ref. 2), as compared to such conventional techniques as differenti ...

Differential Display (DD) is a widely used methodology for cloning differentially expressed genes. Since its inception in 1992 (1), much effort has been made to improve and optimize the technique (2,3). One major bottle-neck remains, though, in the screening step for the verification of the cDNA ...

Differential display is a powerful method to identify genes that are differentially expressed in different tissues or in the same tissue exposed to different treatments (1,2). The method can be performed with relatively little biological material, and the resulting partial cDNAs can be c ...

Since many life processes, such as development and reproduction, depend on differential gene expression, the spatiotemporal pattern of gene expression is of prime biological interest. Accordingly, the concepts of the mRNA differential display (DD) and RNA fingerprinting techni ...

Several structural and metabolically important proteins in eukaryotes are encoded by multigene families. For understanding the function of each member of a gene family, it is essential to isolate the representative cDNAs encoding the protein of interest. In the past, this has been especi ...

The Raf-1 serine/threonine protein kinase is a central component of the Ras/Raf/MEK/MAP kinase cascade, a highly conserved signaling pathway responsible for the transmission of signals emanating from cell surface growth factor, cytokine, and hormone receptors into the nucleus (1–4 ...

Hematopoietic stem cells have the capacity to divide and differentiate into several different hematopoietic cell lineages. Hematopoietic growth factors (cytokines) promote both the growth and differentiation of stem cells and committed progenitor cells. Cytokines bind and ...

Prostate gland development, growth, function and pathology are strongly influenced by steroid hormones. Androgens greatly influence the prostate, but the physiological maintenance of the gland can also depend on the presence of estrogens and other steroid hormones, retinoids and ...

Developmental processes are intricate networks of events by which a fertilized egg proliferates and differentiates into a fully functional multicellular organism (1). Mechanisms are used by dividing cells to create asymmetries in their information content that then allow the eme ...

In vertebrate animals, adipose tissue functions primarily to store excess energy in the form of triglycerides in periods of nutritional abundance and mobilize it in response to fasting (1,2). It also plays important roles in fatty acid metabolism and glucose homeostasis (3). Recently, adi ...

We have applied the differential display (DD) technique (1) to isolate genes whose expression is regulated in the brain of songbirds when they hear song of their own species. Song is known to cause a marked increase in mRNA levels of two immediate early genes, ZENK and c-jun, in the auditory forebrain of son ...

Differential display is ideally suited for the identification of genes involved in complex physiological events. Unlike subtractive hybridization techniques, differential display requires no previous knowledge about the dynamics of “important” gene products. Since the o ...

In order to develop angiogenic and antiangiogenic strategies, concerted efforts have been made to provide animal models for more quantitative analysis of in vivo angiogenesis. In vivo techniques consist of the cornea pocket and iris implant in the eye, the rabbit ear chamber, the dorsal skin ...