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Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract Although opioid analgesics have been used for centuries, identification of opioid receptors and the ability of an opioid receptor ant

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract Due to the power of genetics, the mouse has become a widely used animal model in vision research. However, its eyeball has an axial l

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract This protocol describes vital staining of neuromuscular junctions in the mouse triangularis sterni muscle in one incubation step, com

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract The isolated flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle from mice is extremely well suited to rapid acquisition of data and analysis of neu

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract Atherosclerosis is characterized by excessive cholesterol accumulation in the vessel wall. Current therapies mainly aim at decreasing

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract Olfactory sensory neurons, located in the nasal epithelium, detect and transmit odorant information to the central nervous system. Th

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract Optogenetics?the use of optically activated proteins to control cell function?allows for control of neurons with an unprecedented deg

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract Traditional approaches for translating observations of molecular events into the context of a living organism have suffered from the

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract Developmental immunotoxicity (DIT) occurs when exposure to environmental risk factors prior to adulthood, including chemical, biologi

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract Somatic cells reprogrammed to acquire an ES?like state are termed iPS cells. In this unit, a protocol to use microRNAs as enhancers t

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract Endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) residing in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mouse forebrain have been show

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract The subcutaneous air pouch is an in vivo model that can be used to study acute and chronic inflammation, the resolution of the inflam

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract Animal models of inflammation are used to assess the production of inflammatory mediators at sites of inflammation, the anti?inflammato

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract In order fully to utilize animal models of disease states, to test experimental therapeutics, and to understand the underlying pathop

Abstract Table of Contents Figures Literature Cited Abstract Since the late 1980s, the tools to generate mice with deletions of tumor suppressors have made it possible to study such deletions in the context of a whole animal. Deletion of s

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract The use of rodents to model neuromuscular diseases necessitates assessment of neuromuscular function to monitor disease progression.

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract Here we describe a step?by?step method for vital imaging of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) and axons using fiber?optic confocal microe

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract The completion of genome sequencing in humans and mice has opened new opportunities to study the relationship between gene expression

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract Although alternative, noninvasive methods are being developed, current research on rodent sleep still almost exclusively relies on re

Abstract Table of Contents Materials Figures Literature Cited Abstract Harnessing the natural ability of viruses to infect post?mitotic cells such as neurons has provided an explosion of new methods to ma