基因表达差异显示实验

Gene transfer into the murine myocardium represents a powerful strategy for studying the mechanisms and potential treatments of cardiac disease. The mouse can be genetically engineered precisely, and cardiac function can be examined at both the organ and the cellular level (1). Several m ...

Antisense oligonucleotide technology has emerged as an important technique for manipulating gene expression. The theory behind this technique derives from an understanding of transcription and translation. Synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide chains are engineered ...

Although tRNA-mediated suppression has been mainly used to study chainterminating mutations in bacteria and yeast (1,2), suppressor tRNAs have also been employed for a variety of other purposes. For example, by introducing a nonsense mutation into the diphtheria toxin-coding seque ...

Virus-based gene transfer results in the rapid and efficient expression of individual contractile proteins within the myofilaments of adult cardiac myocytes (1–3). This ability to express genetically modified contractile proteins in myocytes now makes it possible to investiga ...

The ability to isolate individual canine cardiac myocytes that maintain normal rod-shaped morphology and contractility with stimulation is integral to the study of cardiac myocyte function and response to intervention in vitro. The literature is replete with the use of isolated muri ...

The transfer of genes encoding immunomodulatory agents into allografts holds promise as an inductive therapy in transplantation (reviewed in refs. 1–3). This approach is clinically applicable, since vascularized transplants are routinely perfused at the time of organ harvest and ...

Despite impressive advances in the last decade in treating coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction remains the number one cause of death and disability in industrialized countries. A great deal of effort has been expended over the last 25 years toward identifying strategies ...

Cellular transplantation into the heart is an emerging field with numerous applications for designing new therapeutic strategies for treating various types of heart disease. The two primary applications of cellular transplantation are to generate new functional myocardium a ...

Cardiac dysfunction resulting from various insults to the myocardium can ultimately lead to the development of heart failure. Owing to the limited regenerative capacity of adult cardiac tissue and the lack of a resident cardiac progenitor cell equivalent to the skeletal myoblast, the tr ...

Gene therapy has the potential to reverse the genetic causes and modify the pathophysiology of many innate and acquired diseases (1–4). Transduction of foreign DNA into cardiac myocytes is of potential value for therapeutic applications (5,6) and also offers an experimental approach to i ...

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) as a vector for gene therapy of cardiovascular diseases has received much recent attention (1–6). This enthusiasm is based on the success of numerous proof of principal gene transfer experiments. Stable high-level expression has been achieved following a v ...

Adenoviral vectors are a popular choice for gene transfer protocols because they are well characterized, have a relatively large cloning capacity (up to 36 kB), and can be grown to high titers (1013 particles/mL) (1). Despite these attributes, first-generation adenoviral vectors retain m ...

The objective of in vivo gene transfer is the expression of a specific gene product into a target cell population with the general intention of not altering other cell populations. Because of their ability to transduce nonreplicating cells, as well as their fairly large packaging capabiliti ...

Targeting genes to the heart through somatic gene transfer is allowing investigators to manipulate specific molecules and signal transduction pathways in both in vitro and in vivo models of cardiovascular disease (1,2). This approach permits us to test the role of these molecules and path ...

Gene therapy has tremendous potential as a treatment option for heart disease. Before successful implementation of gene transfer strategies, however, several problems need to be addressed. These include: increased efficiency and homogeneity of delivery to cardiac myocytes; dos ...

It is now expected that gene transfer to somatic cells will offer, in the future, a new therapeutic approach to correct various pathogenic processes, including those responsible for common acquired or degenerative diseases such as heart failure. Indeed, a number of recent studies have shown ...

Alterations in β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling typically occur in cardiomyocytes from hearts progressing toward failure (1). Regulation of G-protein-coupled βARs mostly involves phosphorylation of agonist-occupied receptors by a βAR kinase (βARK1), leading to dese ...

In the past few years there has been an explosive growth in the development of animal models of cardiovascular disease based on transgenic and gene-targeted strategies (1). Almost exclusively, the mouse has been the animal model employed in these studies owing to the relative ease with which its g ...

Proofreading DNA polymerase fusions offer several advantages for long-range PCR, including faster run times and higher fidelity compared with Taq-based enzymes. However, their use so far has been limited to amplification of small to mid-range targets. In this article, we present a modifi ...

PCR represents an extremely powerful and central molecular biology method. At the heart of its power is the exquisite sensitivity offered: single molecule detection in certain contexts. However, with great power comes great responsibility. Contamination of reagents or test samples ...