微生物学技术

Considerable progress in the generation of dendritic cells (DC) from mouse and human precursors has recently been accomplished. Consequently, culture systems are now available for the in vitro generation of large numbers of DC.

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells characterized morphologically by the extension of numerous dendrites, phenotypically by the expression of relatively large amounts of MHC class II molecules and costimulatory molecules, and functionally by th ...

Dendritic cells (DC) are “professional” antigen presenting cells (APC) that are pivotal for the initiation of T-cell-dependent immune responses (1). DC are widely distributed cells in the body, but are scarce and thus difficult to purify. Methods have become available to grow DC in culture, fac ...

Dendritic cells (DC) play a pivotal role in the function of the immune system, for they are the primary antigen-presenting cells (APC) in the activation of naive T-lymphocyte responses (1). Recent studies have uncovered complexity in the DC lineage with several subsets, functions, and matura ...

Dendritic cells (DC) are a family of bone-marrow-derived professional antigen presenting cells (APC) with sparse, but wide, tissue distribution (1). They are classified primarily based on their localization: as interdigitating reticulum cells when present in lymphoid organs, as ve ...

Many of the interdigitating dendritic cells (DC) that reside in lymph nodes arise from the migration of tissue interstitial DC such as Langerhans cells in the skin (1). Although this migration appears to be stimulated by cytokines (2), relatively little is known of the mechanisms underlying the ...

Chemotaxis is defined as the directional locomotion of cells sensing a gradient of the stimulus. Some cell types, such as monocytes and neutrophils, can be considered as “professional migrants” and for many years the study of chemotaxis has been applied to these cells. However, other cell types i ...

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) that are believed to be indispensable to initiate a primary immune response (1,2). DC are migratory cells that exhibit complex trafficking properties in vivo, involving interaction with vascular and lymphatic e ...

Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise a dynamic cellular system with a continuous traffic throughout the body. DCs connect nonlymphoid and lymphoid tissues via the lymph and blood, and transport antigenic information from most parts of the body to the immune system (1). To understand the migratory ...

The skin is an immunologically active tissue; the integrated skin immune system comprises epidermal Langerhans cells (LC), dermal dendritic cells (DC), tissue macrophages, mast cells, and T lymphocytes in transit. Cutaneous immune function is orchestrated through the action of cyto ...

Fc receptors specific for IgG (FcγR) potentiate the immune response by facilitating the interaction between myeloid cells and antibody-coated targets (1-3). Monocyte and neutrophil FcyR engagement can lead to the induction of lytic-type mechanisms associated with innate respon ...

Newly generated dendritic cells (DC) migrate from the bone marrow to the nonlymphoid tissues presumably through the blood stream (peripheral blood DC). During injury, tissue DC (such as Langerhans cells in the epidermis) capture antigen and then, under microenvironmental signals, le ...

The cell biology of intracellular compartments and their interrelationships require detailed knowledge of the proteins that characterize the compartment and that are involved in the communication between them. To date, this can be best achieved by high resolution immunoelectron ...

The initiation and propagation of the immune responses is dependent on the ability of antigen-presenting cells (APC) to convert proteins into peptides, to load them intracellularly onto major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and then to deliver the peptide-MHC complexes to the plas ...

The detection of intracellular cytokines using flow cytometry is a relatively new technique that allows simultaneous labeling of cytokines and cell surface proteins. In contrast with other techniques such as ELISA, bioassays, or PCR that have been used to examine cytokine production in ...

Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen presenting cells capable of initiating T-cell-dependent immune responses (1-5). This biologic potential can be harnessed to elicit effective antigen-specific immune responses by transferring the relevant antigens to the DC. Once the ...

Dendritic cells (DC) are highly specialized antigen-presenting cells (APC) in both primary and secondary T-cell responses. This may be related to their expression of high levels of MHC class I and II antigens (1-4), costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86 (5,6), and production of cytokines ...

To minimize or prevent the spread of an acute virus infection, the antiviral immune response must detect and lyse virus-infected cells before virus replicates or is released from the host cell. The immune response has developed both innate and specific responses to meet this objective. Virus ...

Natural killer (NK) cells have become increasingly recognized as integral members of the host cellular immune response. The purpose of this section is to review the general biology of NK cells, their role in antiadenoviral immunity, and outline the most commonly used method to assess NK-cell l ...

Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is an important event in the normal development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms (1). Apoptosis is regulated by a number of genes that promote or suppress cell death. The bcl-2 family of genes constitute important regulators of apoptosis. Sev ...