免疫学技术

Natural killer (NK) cells and T lymphocytes are derived from a common progenitor cell (1). This common origin is reflected in mature cells of both lineages: T and NK cells express cell surface receptors utilizing shared signaling chains that couple to similar signal transduction pathways. Ge ...

An overriding theme of natural killer (NK) cell receptor systems is functional redundancy. Many receptors with similar or divergent functional features may be expressed by an individual NK cell. As such, it may be difficult to define the exact contribution of a particular receptor toward NK ce ...

Expression cloning in mammalian host cells has revolutionized immunology. The current protocol was originally developed by Dr. Brian Seed in 1987 (1), and it has gone through a number of improvements over the years. The most important feature of this technique has been to exploit the exquisite s ...

Vaccinia vims-mediated gene transfer is a powerful technique to test the function of individual receptors in natural killer (NK) cells. By transient expression of genes encoding NK receptors, one can obtain high levels of protein synthesis, while maintaining NK cell functions. The vacci ...

Human natural killer (NK) cells express an array of inhibitory and activating receptors some of which interact with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Expression of these receptors varies at a clonal level generating subsets of NK cells with respect to their recep ...

It is now commonly accepted that natural killer (NK) cells are closely related to T cells. Some severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patients have been described lacking T and NK cells, but having normal numbers of B and myeloid cells, suggesting a common origin of T and NK cells (1). Furthermore, T and ...

Individual natural killer cells express diverse combinations of cell surface receptors, including members of the killer cell immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptor (KIR) family and of the CD94/NKG2 receptor type. Thus, it is often difficult to assign a precise ligand specificity to any giv ...

The exquisite specificity of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) has made them extremely versatile tools for scientific, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes. However, their production is time consuming and requires the immunization of animals and the subsequent use of rodent cells. Th ...

A limitation in the ability to analyze the function of the natural killer cell Ly49 and other receptors is the lack of antibodies to most of them. Even when monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been generated, they do not always react with a given receptor from all strains of mice. For example, 5E6 binds to Ly49C ...

Upon proper stimulation (e.g., crosslinking FcγRIIIA , interaction with antibody -nonsensitized target cells, cytokines), mature natural killer (NK) cells produce and release cytokines involved in the modulation of immune responses (reviewed in refs. 1,2), including interfer ...

Natural killer (NK) cells constitute an important frontline defense against a range of viruses including herpes viruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and hepatitis viruses (1). NK cell deficiencies can lead to serious, life-threatening virus infections, with herpesvirus ...

Natural killer (NK) cells mediate target cell lysis by two independent pathways, one involving exocytosis of preformed granules (which contain perforin and granzymes A and B), the other requiring ligation of CD95 on target cells with CD95 (APO-1/Fas) ligand on the effector cell (1–3). Both proc ...

Natural killer (NK) cells are able to identify and destroy target cells with absent or altered major histocomaptibility complex (MHC) class I, thereby mediating “natural cytotoxicity.” They also have the capacity to kill antibodycoated target cells by antibody-dependent cellular c ...

The ability to study the properties and functions of individual cells is a major goal of cell biologists. Nowhere is this more true than in studies of the immune system, in which the complexity is such that results obtained at the population level often obscure critical aspects of the function and dive ...

Natural killer (NK) cells kill their targets by inducing two distinct modes of cell death—apoptosis and necrosis (1–4). The end result in both cases is target cell lysis, broadly defined as a loss of membrane integrity and most usually assessed by either chromium release or uptake of certain nonvit ...

The natural killer (NK) cell has been shown to be important in mounting a host’s initial response to many types of invaders, such as certain types of viruses, bacteria, and protozoa, and to be involved in the control of neoplastic growth and in allograft rejection (1,2). However, before any leukocyte can p ...

Our understanding of the phenotypical and functional heterogeneity of human natural killer (NK) cells has greatly advanced over the past few years. This advancement has been greatly helped by the development of culture conditions for clonal proliferation of NK cells. Analysis of human NK ...

第一节 概念这里想明确两个概念，一个是Transwell，另一个是肿瘤细胞侵袭模型。1. Transwell关于Transwell这个词该如何解释，查了很多资料也未见准确的注解，我觉得可以这么理解吧，trans-这个词根有转移、转运、穿过等意思，well有小室的意思，可以从字面上理解，这是一类有通透性的杯状的装置，根据Corning公司的Transwell说明书中的介绍，可以认为这是一种膜滤器（Membrane filter ...

相关专题 生物帮之抗体制备 中国国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室防化研究院的研究人员利用elisa技术以剧毒生物毒素相思子毒素(Abrin)为检测对象，建立了一种高灵敏的电化学发光免疫检测方法。该论文已发表于近期的《分析化学》杂志上。 相思子毒素电化学发光检测原理：a. 多抗; b. 相思子毒素; c. 生物素化单抗; d. 三联吡啶钌; ...

目前市场上的ELISA试剂盒质量参差不齐，如何去挑选适合自己的试剂盒就显得特别重要，具体有以下几点可供参考： 一、特异性 ELISA试剂盒的特异性与试剂盒的关键组分，抗体对有关，若抗体对中之一为多抗，另一个必须为单抗，建议使用双单抗。 二、灵敏度 灵敏度反映的是试剂盒检出被检物质的最低量的能力，用户可根据自己样本中待检指标的量选择合适的试剂 ...