细胞技术

The study of dendritic cell involvement in complex phenomena that rely on multi-cellular interactions, such as immune homeostasis, stimulation, and tolerization, called for the investigation of dendritic cell functions within physiological context. To this end we have developed a ...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the main regulators of adaptive immune responses and considerable interest currently focuses on the mechanisms of DC homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms and regulation of DC generation may provide cues on how to modulate DC numbers and their longevity, ...

Naturally occurring thymus-derived CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (nTregs) are critical regulators of immune tolerance. Foxp3+ Tregs can also be induced from CD25− na�ve CD4 T cells in vivo and ex vivo. This conversion process requires cytokines such as IL2 and TGFβ as well as suboptimal TCR ...

Phagosomes are complex organelles that form after ingestion by phagocytic cells of pathogens, dying cells, or cell debris. Highly dynamic interactions of phagosomes first with endosomes and then with lysosomes lead to the maturation of phagosomes into phagolysosomes. Contrary to ot ...

Dendritic cell migration from the airway to the lymph nodes is a key event in the development of airway immunity during infection, allergy, and vaccination. With judicial selection of materials, there are two approaches to study dendritic cell migration to the mediastinal lymph nodes witho ...

Studies using cultured cells allow one to dissect complex cellular mechanisms in greater detail than when studying living organisms alone. However, before cultured cells can deliver meaningful results they must accurately represent the in vivo situation. Over the last three to four de ...

Limited understanding of the cell biology of the breast and breast cancer hampers our ability to develop new therapeutic approaches. Mouse models of mammary gland development and tumourigenesis are key to developing new insights into the biology of both the normal and diseased tissues. Re ...

The endocrine pancreas contains small clusters of 1,000–2,000 neuroendocrine cells termed islets of Langerhans. By secreting insulin, glucagon, or other hormones as circumstances dictate, islets play a central role in the control of glucose homeostasis in mammals. Islets are disper ...

The liver performs a multitude of functions including the regulation of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, the detoxification of endo- and xenobiotics, and the synthesis and secretion of plasma proteins and bile. Isolated hepatocytes constitute a useful technique for study ...

Complex cell signal transduction mechanisms regulate intestinal epithelial shape, polarity, motility, organelles, cell membrane components as well as physical and mechanical properties to influence alimentary digestion, absorption, secretion, detoxification and f ...

Choroid plexus epithelial cells form an integral and important part of the barrier between blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Culture of choroid plexus epithelium in vitro has been achieved from several mammalian species and this provides opportunities for the study of choroid plexus dev ...

Traditionally, cultures of primary cortical neurons are prepared from embryonic animals because at prenatal stages neurons have not yet developed extensive axonal and dendritic arbors and are not highly innervated, thus rendering the cells less susceptible to damage during disso ...

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells isolated from the inner cell mass of the pre-implantation blastocyst. They have the capacity to undergo indefinite rounds of self-renewing cell division and differentiate into all the cell lineages of the developing embryo. In suspension ...

Neural stem cells are defined as cells that either gives rise to or derives from the cells of the central nervous system and have the unique properties of stem cells, i.e. self-renewal and multipotentiality. One of the widely used methods of expanding neural stem cells under culture conditions is ba ...

Cerebellar granule cells are often used as a model system for the study of neuronal development, function and pathology, including the analysis of activity-dependent survival/apoptosis of neurons and the mechanisms of neuroprotection. Cerebellar granule cells are generated po ...

Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (PMEFs) have a number of properties that make them an attractive cell culture model. Relative to other primary explant cultures they are easy to establish and maintain, proliferate rapidly and, as a result, large numbers of cells can be produced from a single ...

Cultured embryonic and adult skeletal muscle cells have a number of different uses. The microdissected explant technique described in this chapter is a robust and reliable method for isolating relatively large numbers of proliferative skeletal muscle cells from juvenile, adult or em ...

Embryonic mouse kidneys develop well in organ culture. This, coupled with the fact that renal organogenesis includes a range of developmental processes, has made cultured kidney rudiments a popular model for the study of organogenesis. Although cultured kidneys do not replicate every e ...

Lung primordial specification as well as branching morphogenesis, and the formation of various pulmonary cell lineages, requires a specific interaction of the lung endoderm with its surrounding mesenchyme and mesothelium. Lung mesenchyme has been shown to be the source of inductive ...

The gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates is lined by epithelium that develops from the endodermal germ layer. The oesophagus and intestine form part of the gastrointestinal tract and studying the normal development of both tissues is difficult due to lack of suitable in vitro model syst ...