细胞技术

During the last decade, numerous chromosome banding techniques based on FISH have been developed for the human and for the murine genomes. Here we review FISH banding techniques, which were recently defined as "any kind of FISH technique which provides the ability to characterize simultan ...

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using whole-chromosome painting (wcp) probes has been shown to be a reliable technique for studying chromosomal changes. The three-color FISH method presented here is a simple and rapid assay that can be used for the detection of individual radio ...

Multicolor karyotyping of human chromosomes is a valuable tool for defining marker chromosomes as well as small, cryptic or complex chromosome translocations. Two procedures, multiplex FISH (M-FISH) and spectral karyotyping (SKY) use combinatorial labeling schemes involving ...

A visualization method that combines simultaneous fluorescence immunostaining and FISH represents a powerful means to monitor and visualize DNA–protein interactions in situ. This method has been extensively used in basic chromosomal biology and in medical diagnostics relat ...

Genetic analysis has been vastly improved by the introduction of the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure. Since 1996, multicolor FISH (mFISH) using whole-chromosome painting libraries as probes has evolved into a powerful technology for detecting interchromo ...

Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) assays are now indispensable for precisely describing complex chromosomal rearrangements and marker chromosomes. The routine application of such techniques to human chromosomes began in 1996 with the simultaneous use ...

It is well known that chromosome in situ hybridization allows the unequivocal identification of targeted human somatic chromosomes. Different fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques have been developed over the years and, following mitotic studies, meiotic anal ...

Interphase cytogenetics using archival tissue samples is a straightforward approach that can be used to obtain cytogenetic information from nuclei of solid tissue samples. It is the only tool available for investigating specific numerical chromosomal aberrations, chromosom ...

Mosaic karyotypes are present in at least 0.3–1% of the clinical cases analyzed by banding cytogenetics. It is well known that the pattern of mosaicism can vary greatly in different tissue types from the same patient. However, normally a maximum of two different tissues from a child or an adult are studi ...

Archival cytogenetic slides of unique clinical and tumorgenetic cases embedded in Eukitt� or Canada balsam can be made available for molecular cytogenetic studies using the recovery technique presented here. Metaphase and interphase FISH can be used to reevaluate previously dete ...

Tumor cytogenetics is an essential tool for diagnosis and prognosis differentiation, especially in malignancies of the peripheral blood. As metaphase spreads are sometimes difficult to obtain in leukemia and lymphoma preparations, interphase cytogenetics is currently the m ...

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in prenatal diagnostics permits the demonstration of certain numeric chromosomal aneuploidies in amniotic cells within 24h, in contrast to conventional methods, which take 1–3 weeks. The experience of using this FISH method has been compa ...

Peripheral blood, amniocytic fluid, chorion, and fibroblasts are the tissues most frequently used for chromosome studies. All four of them are relatively easy to obtain and simply brought into short-term culture, and metaphase spreads can be prepared within a relatively short time. Such m ...

Complex FISH probes comprising large spans of genomic DNA always contain a high amount of dispersed repetitive sequences that hamper the visualization of the specific signal of interest. To overcome this problem, different approaches have been elaborated that depend on the type of exper ...

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is strongly dependent on good hardware, i.e., the microscope and the filter sets used. Here an introduction to fluorescence, fluorescence spectra and fluorescent dyes, as well as filters and their characteristics, is given. Hints on how to choose the ...

Microscopy is indisputably an essential technique for all laboratories that use fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Although visual analysis of FISH results is still used, a growing number of molecular cytogenetic approaches require the application of specific imaging s ...

The use of highly specific synthetic oligonucleotide (ODN) probes, which have superior hybridization kinetics and lower manufacturing costs compared to traditional genomic probes, is one approach that can be used to perform chromosome enumeration on interphase nuclei by FISH. ODNs ...

Peptide nucleic acid in situ labeling (PNA-FISH) techniques provide an attractive alternative to conventional FISH and PRINS procedures for chromosomal in situ detection. PNA probes are synthetic DNA analogs with uncharged polyamide backbones. The PNA labeling reaction presen ...

Besides the well-known applications of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) in classical molecular genetics, BACs are also used for molecular cytogenetic studies. BACs, as well as other locus-specific probes like cDNA, plasmids, cosmids, fosmids, P1-clones or yeast artifici ...

FISH with whole-chromosome or region-specific painting probes made from either flow-sorted or microdissected chromosomes has revolutionized cytogenetics. The generation of paints from flow-sorted chromosomes relies on the use of an expensive and sophisticated fluoresc ...