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Cell Migration: An Overview

Cell migration is a fundamental process that controls morphogenesis and inflammation. Its deregulation causes or is part of many diseases, including autoimmune syndromes, chronic inflammation, mental retardation, and cancer. Cell migration is an integral part of the cell biology, ...

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Border Cell Migration: A Model System for Live Imaging and Genetic Analysis of Collective Cell Movement

Border cell migration in the Drosophila ovary has emerged as a genetically tractable model for studying collective cell movement. Over many years border cell migration was exclusively studied in fixed samples due to the inability to culture stage 9 egg chambers in vitro. Although culturing ...

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Measuring Inflammatory Cell Migration in the Zebrafish

A key feature of inflammatory cells is the ability to migrate to a site of injury or infection quickly and efficiently. Infectious agents can then be taken up by these inflammatory cells, preventing established infection. Inflammatory cell migration is driven by a complex interaction betw ...

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Drosophila Hemocyte Migration: An In Vivo Assay for Directional Cell Migration

This protocol describes an in vivo assay for random and directed hemocyte migration in Drosophila. Drosophila is becoming an increasingly powerful model system for in vivo cell migration analysis, combining unique genetic tools with translucency of the embryo and pupa, which allows di ...

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Analysis of Cell Migration Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model System

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an excellent model system in which to study long-distance cell migration in vivo. This chapter describes methods used to study a subset of migratory cells in the hermaphrodite nematode, the distal tip cells. These methods take advantage of the organis ...

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Measuring Invasion in an Organotypic Model

Organotypic cultures are in vitro models that can be used to study the interactions between tumour and stromal cells. Collective tumour cell invasion in organotypic assays resembles that seen in human tissues in vivo, suggesting physiological relevance. A qualitative, pathological ...

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Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques

The use of fluorescent tags for in vivo tracking of proteins has provided an array of new data on cell function. Correspondingly, a variety of new methods utilizing these fluorescent tags have been developed. These methods must take into account all of the concerns of keeping live samples in condit ...

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Chemotaxis of Slow Migrating Mammalian Cells Analysed by Video Microscopy

We present a microfabricated chamber designed for visualising and quantifying the chemotaxis of slow-migrating adherent mammalian cells such as cancer and endothelial cells. Most of the existing solutions for the investigation of chemotaxis are limited to fast migrating cells su ...

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Imaging Podosome Dynamics and Matrix Degradation

Invasive cell migration is critical for leukocyte trafficking into tissues. Podosomes are matrix-degrading adhesive structures that are formed by macrophages and are necessary for macrophage migration and invasion. Here, we describe methods for imaging and quantifying podos ...

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Transwell Invasion Assays

The need to identify inhibitors of cancer invasion has driven the development of quantitative in vitro invasion assays. The most common assays used are based on the original Boyden assay system. Today commercially available plastic inserts for multi-well plates, which possess a cell-pe ...

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Boyden Chamber

The Boyden chamber, initially designed to study leukocyte chemotaxis, has become one of the most used tools to assess cell motility and invasion. The classical Boyden chamber consists of two compartments separated by a membrane representing a physical barrier that cells can overcome only ...

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Live Cell Imaging of Neuronal Growth Cone Motility and Guidance In Vitro

The neuronal growth cone, a highly motile structure at the tip of neuronal processes, is an excellent model system for studying directional cell movements. While biochemical and genetic approaches unveiled molecular interactions between ligand, receptor, signaling, and cytoske ...

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Imaging Cells Within 3D Cell-Derived Matrix

Much of what is known about the mechanisms regulating cell adhesion and migration come from in vitro studies of cells plated on 2-dimensional (2D) extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The importance of studying these processes in cells within 3-dimensional (3D) environments is becoming ...

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Using the Dunn Chemotaxis Chamber to Analyze Primary Cell Migration in Real Time

The directed migration of cells (chemotaxis) occurs not only during wound healing and inflammatory responses but also during embryonic development. However, the intracellular signaling pathways that enable a cell to detect a chemoattractant and subsequently migrate toward the ...

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HGF-Induced DU145 Cell Scatter Assay

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a multi-stage process whereby epithelial cells lose their cell:cell adhesions and acquire the capacity to migrate independently. It is a process that is important in normal development and is thought to be adopted by some invasive cancer cells. ...

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Isolation, Expansion, and Characterization of Human Islet-Derived Progenitor Cells

Islet transplantation is a widely accepted and practiced cell replacement therapy for treatment of diabetes. However, scarcity of suitable cadaveric pancreas donors is a major limitation that restricts the availability of this therapy to millions of diabetic individuals worldw ...

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Human Salivary Gland Stem Cells: Isolation, Propagation, and Characterization

Stem cells are of outstanding interest for a variety of applications in regenerative medicine. The identification and characterization of novel tissue sources in order to reduce donor site morbidity and to provide specific cells in clinically applicable numbers have led to the detect ...

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Isolation and Characterization of Resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Human Glomeruli

We recently found that human glomeruli deprived of the Bowman’s capsule contain a population of CD133−CD146+ cells that coexpress the typical mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) markers (such as CD29, CD105, and CD73) and renal specific stem cell markers (such us CD24 and Pax2). This population exhi ...

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Isolation and Characterization of Stem Cell-Enriched Human and Canine Hair Follicle Keratinocytes

The epithelial (keratinocyte) stem cells locating at the bulge region of hair follicles have been reported to possess high proliferative capacity in vitro and multipotency to repopulate hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and the epidermis, indicating the importance of those cells for ...

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Endothelial Colony-Forming Progenitor Cell Isolation and Expansion

Vessel wall-derived somatic endothelial colony-forming progenitor cells (ECFCs) are key players in vascular homeostasis and regeneration. Due to their robust proliferative potential and profound vessel-forming capacity, ECFCs are considered to represent an attractive t ...

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