细胞技术

Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders associated with specific biochemical, chromosomal, or molecular characteristics can be achieved from amniotie fluid (AF) or placenta (chorionic villus: CV) samples. Chorion material is usually obtained by sampling the placenta at the imp ...

The functional cells of the blood are short-lived; they are replaced continuously by proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursors. Since cell division is required, exposure to agents that destroy proliferative potential is followed by loss or reduction in blood ...

Within our field, improvement in fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and molecular technologies has led to various types of correlative studies that imply the developmental sequence and subsequent emigration of thymic-lymphocyte subsets. Unfortunately, the impli ...

In designing functional assays for the various classes of hematopoietic cells described in this book, one needs to consider the properties of the cell to be measured which must be incorporated into the assay design, and the end points to allow its specific detection. The most primitive hematopo ...

The last decade has seen major advances in our knowledge of the molecular control of hematopoiesis, widespread access to cytokines, and the development of practical assays for quantitating highly primitive hematopoietic cells. This progress has now made feasible the predictable ma ...

Under appropriate culture conditions, ES cells will spontaneously differentiate and generate colonies known as embryoid bodies (EBs) that contain precursors of multiple lineages, including those of the hematopoietic system (1–7). Previous studies have demonstrated that the m ...

Carbohydrate-binding proteins have attracted much attention as they are often considered to be mediators of specific cell adhesion (1–5). It has been suggested that the neutrophils utilize at least three types of adhesion molecules for homing to the sites of inflammation. These are membe ...

This chapter focuses on the use of antioxidant liposomes in the general area of free radical biology and medicine. The term antioxidant liposome is relatively new and refers to liposomes containing lipid-soluble chemical antioxidants, water-soluble chemical antioxidants, enzy ...

The metabolic process of glycosylation of proteins on the amide nitrogen of specific asparagine residues in proteins, referred to as N-linked glycosylation, has common features found in all eucaryotic cells. The distinguishing general features are (1) the preassembly in the endopla ...

The use of liposomes has long been in practice for various biochemical purposes including liposome-enzyme targeting into different organelles (1–5). Different aspects of liposome uses are discussed in this book. This chapter is a general review on the use of liposomes in the enzyme assay with ...

Our laboratory has been engaged in studies of lipid hydrolases since the early 1960s. In the course of these studies the following enzymes have been isolated and partially purified: ceramidase (1–3); two sphingomyelinases: the lysosomal, with an acidic pH optimum (4) and a neutral, magnesium ...

The vitamin K-dependent coagulation plasma proteins possess from 9 to 12 residues of γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) distributed in an approx 40 amino acid peptide sequence, that is, the Gla domain, which encompasses the N-terminal region. In the presence of Ca2+ and negatively charged phosph ...

Liposomes can be used as ideal drug carriers, and many previous studies have demonstrated the prolonged circulation time, enhanced efficacy, and reduced toxicity of encapsulated drugs (1–3). If liposomes could be delivered only to the target site, liposomal drugs would overcome most of the ...

Monoclonal anticarbohydrate antibodies have been widely utilized for the study of expression, distribution, and function of carbohydrate determinants on a variety of cells and tissues (Table 1) (1). Functional analysis of glycolipids and glycoproteins has been greatly facilit ...

In this chapter, we describe the methods we have used to show that chicken leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) maintains chicken embryonic stem (ES) cells in an undifferentiated state in culture. Recombinant chicken LIF (rchLIF) was expressed as a fusion protein linked to glutathione S-trans ...

In the mouse preimplantation embryo, the first cell fate determination segregates two morphologically and functionally distinct cell lineages. One is the inner cell mass, and the other is the trophectoderm. A subset of the trophectoderm maintains a proliferative capacity and forms the ...

The in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells into different somatic cell types such as neurons, endothelial cells, or myocytes is well established, and many mouse ES cell lines have been created so far. The establishment of rat ES cell lines, however, has proven to be difficult. Most ...

Nonhuman primate embryonic stem (ES) cells are very important for preclinical research of the medical application of human ES cells. Because primate ES cells show significant differences from mouse ES cells, we have been optimizing protocols for the establishment and maintenance of mo ...

We describe here the isolation and maintenance of pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells from equine blastocysts that have been frozen and thawed. Equine ES cells appear to main-tain a normal diploid karyotype in culture. These cells express markers that are characteris-tic of mouse ES cells, ...

The availability of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells has revolutionized the study of mammalian development and disease. We recently developed a culture medium that has enabled us to identify the essential signaling pathways required for maintenance of pluripotency in vitro. Additi ...