生物化学技术

A homogeneous chemiluminescent immunoassay of thyroxine (T4) present in serum samples is described. The proposed method deployed the competitive immunoreaction of T4 and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled T4 (HRP–T4) with anti-T4 mouse monoclonal antibody (Ab). HRP–T4 and the ...

Capillary electrophoresis coupled with a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (CE-C4D) has been employed for the determination of the β-blocker drugs (atenolol and amiloride) in pharmaceutical formulations. 150 mM acetic acid was used as background elect ...

Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in saliva has been suggested to be a potential marker of chronic, long-term stress due to suppression of the immune system. A rapid point-of-care testing platform for stress measurement based on immunoassay and capillary electrophoresis (CE) separat ...

Expanded newborn screening of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) based on tandem mass spectrometry technology has emerged as one of the most successful preventative healthcare initiatives for presymptomatic diagnosis and treatment of rare yet treatable genetic diseases. Howev ...

Neurotransmitter amino acids like Alanine (Ala), Glutamic acid (Glu), Aspartic acid (Asp), Serine (Ser), Taurine (Tau), and Glycine (Gly) are widely distributed in biological fluids and tissues and they have important physiological functions, so that the evaluation of their levels in org ...

Metabolite identification and metabolite profiling are of major importance in the pharmaceutical and clinical context. However, anions of biological relevance such as sulfates, sulfonates, and phosphates are rarely included in common techniques for metabolite studies. In th ...

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with contactless conductivity detection (C4D) is readily applicable to determinations of amino acids in clinical samples. Most of these analyses employ long separation pathways. This chapter describes CE/C4D determinations of 28 biogenic ami ...

Capillary electrophoresis has emerged as a small-scale analytical tool for enzyme assays. It is not only used to analyze and follow-up enzymatic reactions in an offline mode, but the reaction can also be performed online, inside the capillary, where the reaction products are formed and analyz ...

The development and general applications of capillary electrophoresis (CE) in the field of clinical chemistry are discussed. It is shown how the early development of electrophoresis was closely linked to clinical testing. The rise of gel electrophoresis in clinical chemistry is desc ...

Programmed cell death, apoptosis, is a crucial process involved in pathogenesis and progression of diseases, which is executed by cysteine aspartyl proteases (caspases). The caspase activities in living subjects and their regulation with small chemical compounds are of great inte ...

The discovery of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has dramatically increased the tools available to medical scientists interested in regenerative medicine. However, direct injection of hESCs, and cells differentiated from hESCs, into living organisms has thus far been hampered ...

Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) modalities have been developed, refined, and used broadly in the study of small animal models of human biology and disease, including monitoring the fate of transplanted islets in vivo in real time. In order to advance our understanding of the pathophysiology ...

Quantum dots are ideal probes for fluorescent imaging of vascular and lymphatic tissues. On injection into appropriate sites, red- and near-infrared-emitting quantum dots provide excellent definition of vasculature, lymphoid organs, and lymph nodes draining both normal tissu ...

One goal of molecular imaging is to establish a widely applicable technique for specific detection of tumors with minimal background originated from non-target tissues. In this study, a “smart” activatable strategy for specific tumor imaging is proposed in which pH-activatable targ ...

Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has emerged during the past 5 years as the preeminent method for rapid, cheap, facile screening of tumor growth and spread in mice. Both subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models are readily observed with high sensitivity and reproducibility. User-friend ...

Most cells release ATP to the extracellular milieu. Extracellular ATP plays important signaling roles by activating a score of broadly distributed cell surface purinergic receptors (purinoceptors). Biological responses regulated by purinergic receptors include neurot ...

Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is frequently cited for its ease of quantification. This fundamental strength of BLI has led to applications in cancer research, cell transplantation, and monitoring of infectious disease in which bioluminescence intensity is correlated with other ...

Bioluminescence using the reporter enzyme firefly luciferase (Fluc) and the substrate luciferin enables non-invasive optical imaging of living animals with extremely high sensitivity. This type of analysis enables studies of gene expression, tumor growth, and cell migration o ...

Bioluminescence (BL) has revealed an extremely useful analytical tool enabling ultrasensitive detection in biotechnological applications. Following ohe discovery of luciferin and luciferases, molecular biology techniques allowed the cloning of several luciferas ...

The identification of motifs that control the intracellular trafficking of proteins is a fundamental objective of cell biology. Once identified, such regions should, in principle, be both necessary and sufficient to direct any randomly distributed protein, acting as a reporter, to the s ...