9(Z),11(E),13(E)-Octadecatrien

α-ESA：α-ESA是一种常见于植物种子油中的共轭PUFA。该脂肪酸在苦瓜种子油中约占总脂肪酸成分的60%，在桐油中约占70%。α-ESA在大鼠体内代谢并转化为共轭亚油酸（9Z,11E-CLA）。它显示出潜在的抑制肿瘤生长的作用。在结肠癌Caco-2细胞中，α-ESA通过上调GADD45、p53和PPARγ诱导细胞凋亡。在DLD-1细胞中，α-ESA通过脂质过氧化诱导细胞凋亡，其EC50为20 µM。它还抑制不同同种酶异构体的DNA聚合酶和拓扑异构酶，IC50范围为约5-20 µM。α-ESA is a conjugated PUFA commonly found in plant seed oil. This fatty acid accounts for about 60% of the total fatty acid composition of bitter gourd seed oil and about 70% in tung oil. α-ESA is metabolized and converted to conjugated linoleic acid (9Z,11E-CLA) in rats. It has shown potential as a tumor growth suppressor. In colon cancer Caco-2 cells, α-ESA induced apoptosis through up-regulation of GADD45, p53, and PPARγ. In DLD-1 cells supplemented with α-ESA, apoptosis was induced via lipid peroxidation with an EC50 of 20 µM. It also inhibits DNA polymerases and topoisomerases with IC50s ranging from ~5-20 µM for different isoforms of the enzymes.