In Vitro: Mollugin (0-80 μM, 24 h) inhibits the expression of an NF-κB reporter gene induced by TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. Mollugin (0-80 μM, 12 h) inhibits the proliferation of HeLa cells. Mollugin (0-80 μM, 12 h) inhibits TNF-α-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65, phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and IKK phosphorylation, and inhibits the TNF-α-induced mRNA expression of Cyclin D1, c-Myc, and VEGF. Mollugin (0-80 μM, 12 h) enhances TNF-α-induced apoptosis.
In Vivo: Mollugin (0-75 mg/kg, Orally, three times per week for 36 days) inhibits growth of HeLa cells in a xenograft tumor model.