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（一） 原理 免疫胶体金技术是以胶体金作为示踪标志物应用于抗原抗体的一种新型的免疫标记技术。胶体金是由氯金酸（HAuCl4）在还原剂如白磷、抗坏血酸、枸橼酸钠、鞣酸等作用下，聚合成为特定大小的金颗粒，并由于静电作用成为一种稳定的胶体状态，称为胶体金。胶体金在弱碱环境下带负电荷，可与蛋白质分子的正电荷基团形成牢固的结合，由于这种结合是静电结合，所以不影响蛋白质的生物特性。 ...

放射免疫分析(RIA)是由美国生物学家Yalow和Berson于1959年创建的一种体外放射分析技术，该技术有其结果可靠。简便易行，成本低廉，高灵敏度，高特异性的优点。其超微量测定可达ng至pg水平，目前可测物质已达300余种，对临床的诊断和治疗起着积极而重要的作用。在实际工作实践中，标准曲线的制做非常重要。它可对整批实验结果产生重大影响。在放免分析测定中被测物质浓度是根据标准曲线计算得来的。标准 ...

磺胺类药物(Sulfonamides，SAs)是指具有对氨基苯磺酰胺结构的一类药物的总称，是一类用于预防和治疗细菌感染性疾病的化学治疗药物。通过任何途径摄入的磺胺类药物会在人体中蓄积，其残留能破坏人的造血系统，造成溶血性贫血症、粒细胞缺乏症、血小板减少症等。国际食品法典委员会(CAC)和欧美等大多数国家规定食品和饲料中的磺胺类药物总量及磺胺二甲基嘧啶等单个磺胺类药物的含量不得超过0．1 mg／kg ...

白细胞介素-2（interleukin rhlL-2，IL-2）主要由活化的T淋巴细胞分泌的一种糖蛋白，是调节机体免疫功能最主要的淋巴因子一。天然IL-2含有糖基，基因重组IL-2不含糖基，由133个氨基酸组成，相对分子质量为15KD。IL-2在机体应答，免疫调节和抗肿瘤免疫中具有十分重要的作用。临床用于多种恶性实体肿瘤。重组人IL-2是一种重组人白细胞介素一2的生物制品，一般制备成粉针剂应用，其 ...

Many methods have been developed to identify genomic targets of DNA-binding factors. Here we outline and discuss our adaptation of the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay to a high-throughput m ...

染色质免疫沉淀后，多种PCR方法可分析共沉淀下来的DNA。定时定量PCR、二重PCR、hot-stop和SSCP是4种有效方法。

染色质免疫沉淀法（Chromatin immunoprecitation，ChIP）是研究体内DNA与蛋白质相互作用的重要工具。它可以灵敏地检测目标蛋白与特异DNA片段的结合情况，还可以用来研究组蛋白与基因表达的关系。核小体组蛋白可以发生多种翻译后的共价修饰，如乙酰化、甲基化、磷酸化、泛素化等，这些共价修饰与真核基因的表达密切相关。根据“组蛋白密码”假说，组蛋白的各种共价修 ...

(from Hogan et al. Manipulating the Mouse Embryo Cold Spring Harbor 1994) Day 1 1. Dissect embryos and place each yolk sac in a 1.5 ml microfuge tube (can be frozen at -20°C prior to extraction). ...

Use 4ml polycarbonate snap-cap tubes for all steps. Rocking of tubes should be performed at all times. All steps are carried out at room temperature unless otherwise stated. Day 0 1. Dissect embryos ...

AP Buffer: 100 mM Tris-HCl pH 9.5 100 mM NaCl 10 mM MgCl2 PTM: PBS 0.1% Tween-20 2 mM MgCl2 Since this is generally done in conjunction with lacZ staining embryo/tissue is usually fixed as per la ...

NOTE: THIS IS FINE FOR SOUTHERNS BUT NOT FOR SCREENING BY PCR. (from Ruixia 7/99 from protocol by Stef Oehen 7/94). 1. Put 1 cm tail in 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube. 2. Add 500µl Tail Buffer a ...

These procedures were originally devised in Richard Palmiter's lab for use with tail dots (DNA spotted onto a nitrocellulose filter and probed for a transgene; quicker than doing southerns) and subseq ...

PCR screens must be designed to detect transgene DNA at the single copy level. Southern Blots analysis of transgenic mice need copy standards to estimate copy number. Copy standards are prepared by ...

This is how we test mice and rats for the presence of the transgene by PCR. It is provided for those investigators who are unfamiliar with DNA genotyping and who need to establish a genotyping method. ...

1. Obtain the last 2mm of tail and place directly into 200ul 1X PCR Buffer with Nonionic Detergents (PBND) in a 1.5ml microfuge tube. (Tails can be stored at frozen in PBS or PBND until use.) 2. Add ...

1.Cut 1/2" - 3/4" of mouse tail. (Check with your institution's Animal Studies Committee for their recommendations as to how this procedure should be implemented). 2.Add tail fragment (or t ...

1. Obtain tail biopsies from 2 to 3 week old mice: Hold mouse firmly at base of tail with one hand with the other cut off 0.5 to 1.0 cm of the tail tip with a scalpel or single edge razor blade. 2. A ...

This is how we test mice and rats for the presence of the transgene by PCR. It is provided for those investigators who are unfamiliar with DNA genotyping and who need to establish a genotyping method. ...

1. Dissect embryos and place each yolk sac in a microfuge tube (can be frozen at -20°C prior to extraction). Original method cited for mouse toes or 2 mm tail Reagents: A) 25 mM NaOH / 0.2 mM ED ...

1. Remove 0.5 cm of tail into polypropylene microfuge tube (do not mince). (The tubes must have tight-fitting caps so that there are no leaks in steps 3 and 7 below.) 2. Add 0.5 ml DNA digestion buf ...