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The development of strategies for the treatment of angiogenesis-dependent diseases has been greatly aided by the development of in vivo models of angiogenesis (1). These bioassays provide investigators with tools to visualize vessel architecture and function and to analyze and man ...

This chapter is devoted to a fascinating topic in molecular biology—scarless fetal wound repair. Our understanding of this phenomenon may one day allow us to manipulate the adult wound-healing process to recapitulate the scarless phenotype. To achieve this goal, we must first understand ...

The lining of the organs within the peritoneal cavity consists of a single layer of mesothelial cells with a minimum of underlying connective tissue. This same cellular structure covers the luminal surface of the abdominal wall musculature. Together these mesothelial layers serve as a smo ...

Wound healing is a physiological process that is essential to the reestablishment of homeostasis (1-4). It is generally accepted that wound repair is an immune-mediated event (5) that involves a number of cell types such as macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and ke ...

All wounds progress through a well-described series of events that ultimately result in healing. Cellular, biochemical, and molecular changes occur, each characterizing unique phases of the healing process. Scientists have long desired to study both the global process of healing and i ...

Wound healing is a complex cascade that varies depending on the organ being studied. However, many components of the response are similar in different organs. Stromal-epithelial interactions are critical to wound healing in tissues in which epithelium and stroma are conjoined. The corn ...

Chronic wounds are defined as wounds that heal with a significant delay, usually over a period of more than 2 mo. The morbidity associated with delayed wound healing imposes an enormous social and financial burden on the health care system. Clinical observations suggest that persistent tiss ...

The nature and mechanism of incisional wound healing has been and continues to be of interest to clinicians and wound biologists. More than 46 million operations are performed in the United States alone each year (1). To shorten the time required for incisional wound healing is not only relevant to r ...

The healing of skin wounds progresses through sequential and overlapping phases of infl ammation, repair, and remodeling ( Fig. 1A ). Each phase of healing is directed by the complex coordination and interaction of several cell types contained within the wound, including inflammatory cel ...

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a key process in wound healing. During the angiogenic phase of injured tissue repair, epithelial cells sprout and branch from preexisting vessels, evolving into a network of new capillaries. This formation of vasculature, necessary for ...

Reepithelialization is the main process during wound healing that specifically defines the reconstruction of the stratified squamous epithelium. In partial-thickness epidermal wounds, reepithelialization arises from viable epidermal cells at the wound edges as well as fr ...

Gene “knockout” studies and analysis of physiologically relevant in vitro models have clarified basic mechanisms in the tissue response to injury (1-5). Fundamental to this process is the genetic reprogramming required for conversion of normally sedentary cells to an actively motil ...

The healing of dermal defects requires the replacement and integration of a new connective-tissue matrix at the repair site. The deposition and organization of that new connective-tissue matrix entails the interaction between fibroblasts and collagen. A better understanding of th ...

Wound healing disorders present a serious clinical problem and are likely to increase since they are associated with diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Additionally, increasing life expectancies will cause more people to face such disorders and further aggravate ...

Implantable wound-healing models are made of artificial materials and are designed to monitor a systemic or local effect on the wound-healing response induced by a pathological condition or treatment. An ideal implantable model should accurately reproduce a wound, allow multiple as ...

Advances in molecular biology and the understanding of the molecular basis of many diseases have provided tools necessary for a new approach to the treatment of both inherited and acquired diseases. This approach, called gene therapy, was initially focused on the correction of inherited d ...

Hypertrophic scar formation represents an abnormal wound-healing response following thermal injuries or partial-thickness wounds. Specific growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix molecules, and proteinases that are known to alter cell proliferation and migr ...

In vitro models utilizing human mesenchymal cells isolated from normal and pathological tissue have proven very useful for studies of wound repair and fibrosis. We have been studying the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis and, over the course of 20 yr, have refined techniques for the isola ...

Accurate measurement of tissue oxygen tension has led to an understanding of the crucial role of oxygen in wound healing and the degree to which oxygen supply in wounded tissue is often the limiting factor in healing. This, in turn, has led to studies demonstrating that activation of the sympathetic ...

The recruitment of specific leukocyte subpopulations in response to injury is a fundamental mechanism of acute and chronic inflammation. The elicitation of leukocytes is dependent on a complex series of events, including reduced leukocyte deformability, endothelial cell acti ...