Analysis of Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Differentiated 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

The long-term complications associated with diabetes such as heart disease, kidney failure, blindness, and limb amputations are mostly the result of chronic elevations in blood glucose levels, also known as chronic hyperglycemia (1 ,2 ). The exact molecular mechanisms by which hyperglycemia causes damage to various tissues are unknown. However, it is known that chronic hyperglycemia results in acute metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance that leads to worsening of diabetes (2 ). Insulin resistance results in decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport into skeletal muscle and adipocyte tissue (3 ).