Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma Infections

互联网2014-02-10

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Organisms of the class Mollicutes (meaning soft-skin) have regressively evolved, by genome reduction, from Gram-positive bacterial ancestors, namely certain clostria (1 ). The taxonomy of the class Mollicutes, containing four orders, five familes, and eight genera, is shown in Table 1 (2 ) The term “mollicute” is sometimes trivially used to describe any organism in the class. The term “mycoplasma” might be used best to describe any member of the genus Mycoplasma , but is also used, as in this chapter, in a trivial way to refer to any organism in the class.

Table 1 Taxonomy and Properties of Mycoplasmas (class Mollicutes; Adapted from ref. 2 )

Classification	Current no. of Recognized species	Genome size(kbp)	Mel%G+C content	Distinctive properties	Habitat
Order I: Mycoplasmatales Family I:Mycoplasmataceae Genus I:Mycoplasma	100	580-l300	23-41	Optimum growth at 37�C	Humans,animals,plants,insects
Genus II Ureaplasma	6	730-1160	27-30	Urease positive	Humans,animals
Order II Entomoplasmatales
Family I Entomoplasmataceae
Genus I Entomoplasma	5	790-l140	27-29	Optimum growth	Plants,insects
				at 30�C
Genus II Mesoplasma	12	870-1100	27-30		Plants,insects
Family II Spiroplasmataceae
Genus I:Spiroplasma	17	940-2240	25-31	Helical filaments	Arthropods(includ-
					ing insects), plants
Order III Acholeplasmatales
Family I Acholeplasmataceae
Genus I Acholeplasma	13	About 1600	27-36		Animals,plants,
					insects
Order IV Anaeroplasmatales
Family I Anaeroplasmataceae
Genus I.Anaeroplasma	4	About 1600	29-33	Oxygen-sensitive	Bovine-ovine rumen
				obligate anaerobes
Genus II Asteroleplasma	1	About 1600	40	Oxygen-sensitrve	Bovine-ovine rumen
				obligate anaerobes
Uncultivated,unclassified MLOs		506-1185	23-29	Uncultivated as yet	Plants,insects

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