Rodent Models of Colorectal Distension
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Abstract
Colorectal distension (CRD) is a widely accepted, reproducible method for assessing visceral sensitivity in both clinical and pre?clinical studies. Distension of the colon mirrors the human scenario of visceral pain with regard to intensity and referral of pain in patients. There are several readouts that can be applied to the CRD protocol depending on the species being evaluated, two of which are described in this unit. CRD can be used to measure the impact of novel compounds, strain, or genetic differences as well as the effect of physical and psychological stressors on the sensitivity of the colon. Investigation of the impact of a noxious visceral stimulus (CRD) on other systems within the body can also be carried out. Given that visceral pain is a major clinical problem and one of the most common reasons patients seek out medical advice, the ability to assess this type of pain is essential to the discovery of successful treatments. This unit outlines two protocols that describe CRD of rats and mice. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 61:9.40.1?9.40.13. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Keywords: visceral hypersensitivity; rodent models of pain; colorectal distension; abdominal withdrawal reflex; visceromotor response
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- Introduction
- Basic Protocol 1: Abdominal Withdrawal Reflex During Colorectal Distension in Rats
- Support Protocol 1: Construction of Balloons for Use in Rats
- Basic Protocol 2: Assessment of Visceral Pain Responses to Colorectal Distension in Mice
- Support Protocol 2: Construction of Balloon Used in Mice
- Commentary
- Literature Cited
- Figures
- Tables
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Basic Protocol 1: Abdominal Withdrawal Reflex During Colorectal Distension in Rats
Materials
Support Protocol 1: Construction of Balloons for Use in Rats
Materials
Basic Protocol 2: Assessment of Visceral Pain Responses to Colorectal Distension in Mice
Materials
Support Protocol 2: Construction of Balloon Used in Mice
Materials
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Figure 9.40.1 A diagram illustrating the experimental set‐up with regard to the connections between the barostat, P.C., and tubing connected to the balloon inserted in the rodent. This set‐up is basically the same for both protocols. Only one animal can be tested at a time. View Image -
Figure 9.40.2 Distension paradigms for in rats: (A ) ramp distension from 0 to 80 mmHg over 8 min; (B ) fixed pressure distensions (i.e., x pressure increase for x amount of time). View Image -
Figure 9.40.3 Behaviors observed in the rat during CRD: (A ) normal behavior; (B ) pre‐pain behavior response; (C ) abdominal withdrawal reflex (pain behavior most commonly noted); (D ) stretch pain behavior (counted but not frequently present)(rats only). View Image -
Figure 9.40.4 The balloon used for CRD in rats. View Image -
Figure 9.40.5 (A, B ) Examples of distension paradigms for in mice: (C ) an example of the recording over 20 sec of the distension. View Image -
Figure 9.40.6 The balloon used for CRD in mice. View Image -
Figure 9.40.7 (A ) The threshold measured during CRD in control Sprague‐Dawley, male rats (non‐separated) and rats subjected to early life stress using . (B ) The cumulative number of pain behaviors seen over 8 min using in both control and early life stressed rats (O'Mahony et al., ). (C ) The threshold seen in control and chronically stressed C57Bl6 mice. (D ) The visceromotor response of both groups of mice during CRD using (Tramullas et al., ). View Image
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Literature Cited
| Literature Cited | |
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