Construction of Long Chromosomal Deletion Mutants of Escherichia coli and Minimization of the Genome

Genetic information consists of protein- and RNA-coding genes that exist in a range of sizes and noncoding cis - and trans -acting sequence elements. The use of long chromosomal deletion mutations is a powerful method for identifying essential genetic information through experimental reduction of the genome to its minimal gene set. Taking advantage of recent technical advances, we constructed sequence-specific long deletion mutations of the Escherichia coli chromosome. In a recent report (1 ), we described a set of E. coli medium-scale deletions (MDs) and large-scale deletions (LDs). Several LD mutations were combined to generate an engineered strain lacking ∼30% of the parental chromosome. We then constructed another set of deletion mutations, MDs and small-scale deletions (SDs), and identified additional essential genetic regions using complementation analysis. To delete the remaining essential chromosomal regions, we developed an Flp recombinase target (FRT)-based system of site-specific recombination to move chromosomal regions onto mini-F plasmids in vivo . In this report, we describe the details of the construction of several of these types of large chromosomal deletion mutants.