Fabrication of DNA Microarray

There are many ways to fabricate DNA microarrays. The four main types of arrays are spotted arrays of pre-made DNA probes, in situ synthesis of DNA arrays, random bead arrays and suspension arrays. The different types of array can address different biological assays. Spotted arrays are suitable for application using small to medium number of probes, e.g. focused genotyping, bacterial diagnostics and gene expression analysis. In situ synthesized arrays and random bead arrays are suitable for applications where medium to large number of probes are needed such as genome wide screens for single nucleotide polymorphisms. Suspension arrays are suitable for applications requiring small number of probes. The chapter will include details of fabrication methods and a comparison of the strengths, weaknesses and future use of each method.