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一垂直的肌性管道，略呈漏斗形，前后较扁窄。前壁不完整，上部与鼻腔相通，位鼻腔后方，为咽腔鼻部（鼻咽部）；中部与口腔相通，位口腔后方，为咽腔口部（口咽部）；下部与喉腔相通，位于喉的后方，称咽腔喉部。鼻咽部侧壁上有一咽鼓管开口，空气经此口进入中耳鼓室，以调节鼓膜内外气压平衡。鼻咽部后上壁粘膜内有一团淋巴组织，称咽扁桃体。咽壁由粘膜、粘膜下层、肌层和外膜组成。粘膜血管丰富，呈淡红色，与鼻腔、咽鼓管、口腔和喉腔粘膜相续。粘膜下层上端肥厚，往下逐渐变薄。肌层为横纹肌，由斜行的咽缩肌和纵行的咽提肌交织而成。
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