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        Proteomic Analysis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Treated With Ouabain

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        Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) plays an important role in remodeling the vessel walls, one of the major determinants of long-term blood pressure elevation and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Apoptosis in VSMC can be inhibited by inversion of the intracellular [Na+ ]/[K+ ] ratio after the sustained blockage of the Na+ ,K+ -ATPase by ouabain. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by tandem mass spectroscopy, we compared proteomes of control VSMC and of those with ouabain-inhibited Na+ ,K+ -ATPase and found that ouabain treatment led to overexpression of numerous soluble and membrane-bound proteins. Among proteins, which showed the highest level of ouabain-induced expression, we identified mortalin (also known as GRP75 or PBP-74), a member of the heat shock protein 70 superfamily and a marker for cellular mortal and immortal phenotypes. Further experiments showed that mortalin RNA and protein levels are induced in ouabain-treated VSMC, and that transient transfection of cells with mortalin cDNA inhibited serum deprivation-induced apoptosis via inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene, p53 .
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