Aqueous Formulation of Adjuvant-Active Nonionic Block Copolymers

Despite the recent advances in vaccine technology, there is still a need for safe and effective adjuvants to potentiate the immune responses to subunit immunogens (1 ). Depending on the disease in question, the vaccine-induced protection may require either a predominantly antibody-mediated response, under the control of (T-helper lymphocyte) Th2-associated cytokines, typically interleukin-4, -5, and -10 (IL-4, -5, -10), or a predominantly cellular response, the Th1 type, characterized by cells producing IL-2, IL-12, and gammainterferon (γ-IFN), or some combination thereof (2 ,3 ). Ideally, a vaccine delivery