抗体应用

Natural killer (NK) cells are a distinct compartment of lymphoid cells that have been shown to function as an effector cell population against virus infections, to provide a means of surveillance against tumor metastases, and, in some cases, to serve as an effector cell population for immunoth ...

Natural killer (NK) cells are a subset of lymphocytes with a distinct morphologic appearance (large granular lymphocytes ) and the ability to spontaneously kill virally infected or tumor targets but to spare most normal cells (1). These effector cells are now known to be able to eliminate tumor c ...

The study of hybrid resistance was greatly aided by the development of an in vitro assay by Chadwick and Miller (1). The assay allows one to test for the presence of negative or positive signaling in natural killer (NK) cells, and the ability of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) or F(ab′)2 reagents to block those ...

The studies of hybrid resistance (HR) to murine bone marrow cell (BMC) grafts have been helpful in elucidating the biology and genetics of natural killer (NK) cell mediated recognition of incompatible cells (1). The discovery and claim for HR is contrary to the laws of transplantation genetics. T ...

Natural killer (NK) cellsexpress receptors specific for class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. In the mouse, the class I specific receptors identified to date belong to the polymorphic Ly49 receptor family. Engagement of Ly49 receptors with their respective MHC l ...

Normal human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) express six classical class I HLA genes from three gene loci, HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C, which are located within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Because of the extensive allelic polymorphism of HLA class I genes, cell lines from heteroz ...

The relationship of natural killer (NK) cells to T cells has been a longstanding enigma. It is well established that development of NK cells does not require a thymus (because they are present in athymic mice), recombination activating genes (because they are present in RAG-1 and RAG-2 knockout mic ...

Immunotoxicology can be simply defined as the study of adverse effects to the immune system. However, because of the complexity of the normal immune system, adverse effects by a xenobiotic can alter the system in a variety of ways: suppression, upregulation as in the case of xenobiotic-induced au ...

The nonspecific cytotoxic cell (NCC) is believed to be the evolutionary precursor of the mammalian natural killer (NK) cell. Evidence for a phylogenetic linkage between NCCs of teleost fish and NK cells from higher vertebrates was first obtained functionally; that is, NCCs lyse many of the same ...

Chicken natural killer (NK) cells have been characterized mainly based on functional properties in a variety of systems (reviewed in refs.1,2). A detailed analysis of their ontogeny, phenotype, function, tissue distribution and the receptors involved in killing of target cells has been d ...

Natural killer (NK) cells mediate host defense through recognition and lysis of tumors, virally infected cells and “missing self” hematopoietic blast cells (1). Various in vitro experimental systems to assay NK cell function have been established, which indeed contribute to determin ...

The elucidation of intracytoplasmic signaling pathways is a ctriical step in the precise understanding of cell biology. In this regard, the identification of intracytoplasmic domains, which are specialized in the transmission of biological messages, has been an enormous breakth ...

The interaction between killer cells and target cells can be dissected into three steps. First, the two cells form random conjugates mediated by nonspecific interactions between adhesion molecules (1). Second, specific recognition results in the activation of signal transduction ...

Natural killer (NK) cells and T lymphocytes are derived from a common progenitor cell (1). This common origin is reflected in mature cells of both lineages: T and NK cells express cell surface receptors utilizing shared signaling chains that couple to similar signal transduction pathways. Ge ...

An overriding theme of natural killer (NK) cell receptor systems is functional redundancy. Many receptors with similar or divergent functional features may be expressed by an individual NK cell. As such, it may be difficult to define the exact contribution of a particular receptor toward NK ce ...

Expression cloning in mammalian host cells has revolutionized immunology. The current protocol was originally developed by Dr. Brian Seed in 1987 (1), and it has gone through a number of improvements over the years. The most important feature of this technique has been to exploit the exquisite s ...

Vaccinia vims-mediated gene transfer is a powerful technique to test the function of individual receptors in natural killer (NK) cells. By transient expression of genes encoding NK receptors, one can obtain high levels of protein synthesis, while maintaining NK cell functions. The vacci ...

Human natural killer (NK) cells express an array of inhibitory and activating receptors some of which interact with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Expression of these receptors varies at a clonal level generating subsets of NK cells with respect to their recep ...

It is now commonly accepted that natural killer (NK) cells are closely related to T cells. Some severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patients have been described lacking T and NK cells, but having normal numbers of B and myeloid cells, suggesting a common origin of T and NK cells (1). Furthermore, T and ...

Individual natural killer cells express diverse combinations of cell surface receptors, including members of the killer cell immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptor (KIR) family and of the CD94/NKG2 receptor type. Thus, it is often difficult to assign a precise ligand specificity to any giv ...