植物生理

Protein phosphorylation by protein kinases can be reversed by the action of protein phosphatases. In plants, the Ser/Thr-specific phosphatases dominate among the protein phosphatase families with the type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) being the most abundant among them. PP2Cs are ...

Cytokinins, like other phytohormones, act in plants as signaling molecules at very low concentrations. The system that mediates between their chemical recognition and the responses that they induce requires a hormone receptor that, together with down-stream located elements, for ...

Biological information is often transmitted by phosphorylation cascades. However, the biological relevance of specific phosphorylation events is often difficult to determine. An invaluable tool to study the effect of kinases and/or phosphatases is the use of phospho- and dephos ...

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways are conserved in eukaryotes and transmit a plethora of stimuli. MAP kinases (MAPKs) are part of signalling modules that consist of three to four tiers of protein kinases in a phosphorylation cascade. MAPKs are known to phosphorylate speci ...

In vitro functional studies of eukaryotic kinases are often constrained by the availability of pure and �enzymatically active kinase of interest. Though numerous proteins have been synthesized by cell-based systems, in vivo production of properly folded, eukaryotic proteins rem ...

Orderly progression of the eukaryotic cell cycle is governed by a coordinated response to intrinsic and extracellular cues through activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). It is therefore important to verify the kinase activity of distinct types of CDKs during the cell cycle. The i ...

Dehydration tolerance in plants is an important but understudied component of the complex phenotype of drought tolerance. Most plants have little capacity to tolerate dehydration; most die at leaf water potentials between −5 and −10MPa. Some of the non-vascular plants and a small percent ...

Cold stress adversely affects plant growth and development and thus limits crop productivity. Diverse plant species tolerate cold stress to a varying degree, which depends on reprogramming gene expression to modify their physiology, metabolism, and growth. Cold signal in plants is tr ...

The growing number of fully annotated genomes of model and nonmodel plant species, such as Arabidopsis, Brachypodium, �grapevine, maize, rice, rape seed, soybean, tomato, and others, has led to a tremendous increase in sequence information. The novel genome information has been translat ...

Major progress has been made in unravelling of regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotic cells. Modification of target protein properties by reversible phosphorylation events has been found to be one of the most prominent cellular control processes in all organisms. The phospho-status of a ...

Seed dormancy and germination are regulated by several plant hormones, such as abscisic acid, gibberellin, auxin (indole-3-acetic acid), ethylene, and brassinosteroid. Endogenous concentrations of a hormone are determined by the balance between biosynthesis and deactivati ...

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a vital phytohormone that regulates seed maturation and germination, seedling growth, and adaptation to environmental stresses. ABA functions through a complex network of signaling pathways, where the cell response is initiated by an ABA receptor which trigge ...

Most often, the samples used for molecular analysis of dormancy are populations of seeds. An essential survival characteristic of seed populations inhabiting the variable surface layers of the soil is that individuals in the population do not behave uniformly. In addition, seed dormancy ...

Many seeds of coniferous species display a deep primary dormancy at maturity and require several weeks of pretreatment to produce seed populations that germinate in a vigorous and timely manner. Facilitating an efficient transition from dormancy to germination by devising improved ...

Seeds form a convenient vehicle for storage of germplasm, both for agricultural purposes and conservation of wild species. When required, seeds can be taken from storage and germinated, and plants can be propagated for the desired purpose, e.g., crop production or biome restoration. However, ...

Seeds are very attractive and convenient for molecular genetic studies that challenge principal biological phenomena related to the initiation and suppression of growth (e.g., germination and dormancy, respectively). The number of reports in this field is rapidly expanding. Seed d ...

Artificial regeneration of forests through planting requires high quantities of quality seeds for growing vigorous seedlings. These seedlings are raised in nurseries, where germination capacity (GC) and speed are the most important germination parameters. Germination perf ...

In vitro assays for cytochrome P450 enzymes developed from plant-derived microsomal extracts have not been used extensively for the characterization and quantification of enzyme activities in plant tissues. We describe here an in vitro assay for abscisic acid (ABA) 8′-hydroxylase t ...

Here, we describe a series of methods suitable for the reproducible and abundant isolation of total RNA, genomic DNA, and total protein from dry or imbibed Arabidopsis seeds. The resulting material is suitable for most standard molecular biology procedures.

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in the control of seed dormancy and germination. Identification of hormone metabolism genes from a particular plant species of interest is an essential step in hormone research. The function of these gene products is validated by biochemical ana ...