植物生理

Because the vast majority of plant viruses have a positive-sense RNA genome, which acts as the viral mRNA, the RNA must first be converted into cDNA before cloning, amplification, and subsequent manipulation. Successful cDNA synthesis should yield full-length copies of the original popu ...

As shown in previous chapters, many RNA plant viruses have multipartite genomes, which are divided between two or more viral nucleoprotein components. Each nucleoprotein component will display different sedimentation properties, according to the size of RNA. Thus, it is possible to fr ...

Since the first demonstration by Powell-Abel et al. (1) that plants engineered to express the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein (CP) gene can resist corresponding viral infection, a decade of research on CP-mediated protection (CPMP) has produced transgenic plants resistant to a mult ...

The most commonly used method to analyze the quality of RNA is electro-phoresis in agarose gels. The distance an RNA molecule moves in a gel is dependent both on its mol wt and its conformation. Hence, to accurately compare RNAs across virus groups or to determine their size, it is crucial to completely den ...

Most known luteoviruses can be placed in one of two subgroups as defined by serological relationships and genome organization (ref. 1; see Fig. 1). Subgroup I is represented by three strains of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV, BYDV-MAV, and BYDV-SGV). Subgroup II includes potato leaf roll virus ...

The group Tombusvirus is one of the 16 groups of plant viruses established in 1971 (1). Its name derives from the sigla “tombus” from tomato bushy stunt, which is the disease caused by the type member of the group, tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV). The group was later ranked as genus Tombusvirus in the family Tom ...

At least 20 tymovirus species are known. The generic acronym, tymovirus, comes from turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV), the name of the first to be described (1), now the type species. The tymoviruses infect dicotyledonous angiosperms, mostly those that have the C3 photosynthetic pathway; few ha ...

The Carmovirus group is named after carnation mottle virus (CarMV), its type member. Carmoviruses have icosahedral particles about 30 nm in diameter that sediment at 120–130 S. They are also characterized by a monopartite positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of M r 1.4–1.6 � 106 and a single ...

Comoviruses are small, icosahedral viruses with a diameter of approx 28 nm (Fig. 1). Presently the genus Comovirus is comprised of 15 different viruses, of which the type species, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), is the most thoroughly studied (1,2). All viruses are transmitted by beetles and have a rather ...

Viruses of the nepovirus genus are classified within the family of Comoviridae, along with the comoviruses and the fabaviruses. At the time of writing, there are some 27 confirmed members of the genus, with eight or so viruses that, following further investigation, may be confirmed as members (1). T ...

The Cucumoviruses are tripartite (+) sense RNA viruses in the Bromoviridae family of plant viruses. The genus includes cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, the type species), peanut stunt virus (PSV), and tomato aspermy virus (TAV) (reviewed in refs. 1 and 2). A fourth member, bean distortion mosaic virus (B ...

Bromoviruses are a group of plant single-stranded RNA viruses that belong to the genus Bromoviridae. Their polyhedral particles of ca. 26 nm in diameter have the icosahedral T-3 surface lattice symmetry (1), with 180 identical polypeptides used to build their virion particles. Because of the ...

The genus Trichovirus, a newly established plant virus genus (1), contains five viral species (including three tentative members), with similar biological, morphological, physicochemical, and ultrastructural properties. Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) and potato vi ...

The genus Ilarvirus belongs to the family Bromoviridae, together with three other genera Bromovirus, Cucumovirus, and Alfamovirus (1). The ilarvirus genus includes at present 15 approved species and is divided into 10 subgroups according to serological relationships (2). The membe ...

The Potyviridae are the largest single group of plant viruses, and as such are the most important from an economic standpoint. There are nearly 200 distinct recognized species or other viruses that are possible or probable members of the group. Two recent books provide an excellent and in depth rev ...

All members of the genus are known to be transmitted mechanically, with the majority also being transmitted in a nonpersistent manner by aphids (1), though one confirmed carlavirus is known to be transmitted by whiteflies (2). Carlaviruses are noted for their narrow host range and tendency to in ...

The potexvirus family has at least 30 definitive and possible members, of which potato virus X (PVX) is the type member (1–4). All potexviruses are morphologically similar, with flexuous, filamentous virions that range from 470 to 580 nm in length. Each virus particle contains a single-stranded, ...

In the first three decades of the 20th century, it was shown that a number of plant diseases could be transmitted by infectious sap that had been passed through a bacteria-proof filter. Plant virus particles had yet to be identified and characterized, and much of the research effort of plant virologis ...

The tobamoviruses produce rigid, rod-shaped particles, with dimensions of approx 300 � 18 nm, and form one of the most extensively studied groups of plant viruses (1). Members of the group infect a wide range of angiosperms, and individual members frequently have wide experimental host ranges. T ...

The tobraviruses have a genome consisting of two positive-sense, single-stranded RNA molecules. The two genomic RNAs, RNA-1 and RNA-2, are encapsidated separately in rod-shaped particles with lengths of 180–215 nm (L particles) and 46–115 nm (S particles), respectively (Fig. 1) (1,2). Both the ...