细胞功能测定

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the catalytic subunit of two multiprotein complexes, mTOR complex-1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex-2 (mTORC2). Clinically used rapamycin and rapalogs are FKBP12-dependent allosteric inhibitors of mTORC1. The recently discovered WYE-1251 ...

The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated signaling transduction pathway has been observed to be deregulated in a wide variety of cancer and metabolic diseases. Despite extensive clinical development efforts, the well-known allosteric mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and st ...

The potent immunosuppressive action of rapamycin has been described in many different mouse models of transplantation. In these models, rapamycin prevent or delay allograft rejection. In several models, rapamycin allowed mixed donor–recipient hematopoietic chimerism to de ...

Obesity is reaching pandemic proportions in Western society. It has resulted in increasing health care burden and decreasing life expectancy. Obesity is a complex, chronic disease, involving decades of pathophysiological changes and adaptation. Therefore, it is difficult ascer ...

Tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) is a tumor suppressor that associates with TSC2 to inactivate Rheb, thereby inhibiting signaling by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1). mTORC1 stimulates cell growth by promoting anabolic cellular processes, such as transl ...

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in either of two genes, TSC1 or TSC2, whose protein products form a complex that is essential in the regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity. TSC is characterized by the presence of benign t ...

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a genetic disease involving dysregulation of the mTOR pathway and resulting in disabling neurological manifestations, such as epilepsy. Animal models may recapitulate epilepsy and other behavioral features of TSC and are useful tools for inves ...

We described a protocol for dissecting the function of an important serine/threonine protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), in regulating the long-term undifferentiated growth of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The function of mTOR in hESCs was inactivated with a hi ...

Amplification of the gene encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) occurs commonly in glioblastoma (GBM), leading to activation of downstream kinases, including phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). A serine-threon ...

Extensive efforts are underway to develop small-molecule inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase. It is hoped that these inhibitors will have widespread clinical impact in oncology because mTOR is a major downstream effector of PI3K signaling, one of the most freque ...

The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) defines a crucial link between nutrient sensing and immune function. In CD4+ T cells, mTOR has been shown to play a critical role in regulating effector and regulatory T cell differentiation as well as the decision between full activation versus the induc ...

The mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved serine-threonine kinase that is known to sense the environmental and cellular nutrition and energy status. Diverse mitogens, growth factors, and nutrients stimulate the activation of the two m ...

RNA interference (RNAi) is an intracellular mechanism for silencing gene expression utilizing short fragments of double-strand RNA that are complementary to the target messenger RNA. This gene silencing technique has now become an invaluable research tool due to its specific and str ...

Th1 immunity protects against tuberculosis infection in mice and humans. The widely used BCG vaccine primes CD4 and CD8 T cells through signaling mechanisms from dendritic cells and macrophages. The latter express MHC-II and MHC-I molecules through which peptides from BCG vaccine are pre ...

CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells are pivotal for the induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance in both mice and humans. The possibility to use Treg cells for the treatment of T-cell-mediated diseases has recently gained increasing momentum. However, given the limited a ...

The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) kinase functions within two structurally and functionally distinct multiprotein complexes termed mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. The immunosuppressant and anticancer drug rapamycin is commonly used in basic research as a tool to study m ...

Preclinical evaluation of candidate anticancer compounds requires appropriate animal models. Most commonly, solid tumor xenograft systems are employed in which immunocompromised mice are implanted with human cancer cell lines. Genetically engineered mouse models of sol ...

Autophagy is a catabolic pathway that degrades bulk cytosol in lysosomal compartments enabling amino acids and fatty acids to be recycled. One of the key regulators of autophagy is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a conserved serine/threonine kinase which suppresses the initia ...

Target of rapamycin (TOR) regulates the growth of cells and organisms. Numerous growth-promoting and growth-arresting pathways converge on TOR; TOR acts as an important hub, balancing the pro- and anti-growth signals within a cell. Since it regulates growth at the cellular level, cell size can ...

mTOR is a key regulator of cell growth and size, and its activity is often dysregulated in a wide variety of diseases. The mTOR signaling pathway is also a therapeutic target for many diseases, including cancer. Immunohistochemistry is a powerful method to assess mTOR activity in clinical/hist ...