细胞功能测定

The isolation and purification, or enrichment, of neuronal or glial cell types from central nervous system (CNS) tissues require the application of one of several strategies. It is possible to separate a particular cell type, based on its cell mass or presence of specific cell surface antigens. D ...

The premise of colony culturing is the assumption that single viable cells can attach to the substratum, divide, and form a progeny of cells that constitute a cell colony or clone. Colony cultures can be initiated either from a disaggregated cell suspension made directly from animal tissue, or from ...

Chemoattractant-induced neuronal migration can be directly and quantitatively evaluated in vitro, using a microchemotaxis assay. This assay has been used to quantitate the chemotropic responses of several migratory cell types, including neutrophils (Harvath et al., 1980; Gei ...

Brains of newborn rats or mice are generally used as the source of tissue for glial cultures. Only about 1% of cells survive the cell disaggregation process and culture environment, and neurons that survive die within the first few days of culturing. Such cultures contain progenitor cells and glia c ...

The study of glial cell development and function has been considerably enhanced by the development of methods to culture oligodendrocytes and astrocytes from central nervous system tissue. A primary mixed glial culture, composed mostly of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and micro ...

Telomere maintenance has been shown to be essential for unlimited growth potential of human cells and is regarded as one hallmark of cancer. Telomere repeats at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes are synthesized by the enzyme telomerase, which is active in most cancers and to some extend also in no ...

The growth of new capillaries from existing vessels (angiogenesis) is of fundamental importance in wound healing and in pathological situations such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (1), rheumatoid arthritis (2), and tumor growth. Consequently, considerable interest in ...

The thymus is a very complex organ that regulates T-cell production Thymocytes (immature T-cells) constitute by far the largest cellular population in the organ (several billions of thymocytes in a child’s thymus), but small numbers of other hematopoietic cells are found in the intrathymic ...

The ability to grow antigen-spectfic human T-cell clones in vitro has been instrumental in understanding T-cell function. A major breakthrough in T-cell culture in vitro was the discovery of the T-cell growth-inducing properties of interleukin-2 (IL-2), originally called T-cell growth ...

Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell formation in the adult human, the bone marrow (BM) is the primary hematopoietic organ. Each day, the BM produces billions of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes, which enter the circulation. Production of such enormous numbers of mature blo ...

Adhesive interactions between bacterial cells coupled with adherence to a solid surface can lead to the formation of a biofilm. The important role of biofilm formation in the pathogenesis of certain types of infection, especially those involving indwelling medical devices, is becomi ...

The inflammatory response is a critical component of host defense. An important goal of our group has been to understand the endothelial-dependent mechanisms that mediate leukocyte recruitment during an inflammatory response. In this chapter, we present a detailed method for the isol ...

Asiatic cholera is a rapidly progressing disease resulting in extreme diarrhea and even death. The causative agent, cholera toxin, is an AB5 -subunit enterotoxin produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholera. The toxin must enter the intestinal cell to cause disease. Entry is achieved by the B-sub ...

Epithelial cells in vivo exist as confluent cell sheets, but this confluence is disrupted if the sheets are wounded, if the cells are undergoing morphogenesis, or if they are taking part in invasion and metastasis. Desmosomes are one of the principal types of adhesive junctions in epithelia and are ...

Many proteins involved in Cell-Cell and cell–matrix adhesion are regulated by signal transduction pathways and can activate signal transduction on ligation. Adhesion-related signal transduction is important throughout development, hemostasis, immunity, and in diseases ...

Chronic inflammation in mucosal tissues can influence epithelial barrier function via proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. Increased mucosal levels of these cytokines have been observed in mucosal biopsies from patients with a chro ...

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) transmigration into tissues is a highly regulated process and plays a central role in host defense. In inflammatory human diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, the infiltration of intestinal mucosa by large numbers of PMNs contri ...

Both Cell-Cell adhesion and secreted signaling molecules are involved in the regulation of normal tissue development and maintenance. β-catenin seems to link cadherin-mediated Cell-Cell adhesion and Wnt signaling. Thus, its activity in particular cells or tissues, either during n ...

Adhesive interactions of cells with blood vessel walls under flow conditions are critical to a variety of processes, including hemostasis, leukocyte trafficking, tumor metastasis, and atherosclerosis. We have developed a new technique for the observation of binding interactio ...

The use of cellulosic materials as supports for immobilization of small molecules, proteins, and cells has received considerable attention for many years and possible applications have been pursued extensively (1–14). Chemically, cellulose is composed of β-D-glucopyranosyl un ...