细胞功能测定

Urodele amphibians such as axolotl are well known for their regenerative potential of the damaged central nervous system structures. Upon tail amputation, neural stem cells behind the amputation plane undergo self-renewing divisions and contribute to the functional spinal cord in ...

The study of melanocyte biology in the zebrafish presents a highly tractable system for understanding fundamental principles of developmental biology. Melanocytes are visible in the transparent embryo and in the mature fish following metamorphosis, a physical transformation ...

Planarians provide a relatively simple model system in which to study stem cell dynamics and regenerative phenomena. As with other systems understanding the dynamics of stem cell and stem cell progeny is crucial in order to get at the molecular mechanisms orchestrating stem cell biology. Pl ...

Zebrafish breed year round and females are capable of producing thousands of eggs during their lifetime. This amazing fecundity is due to the fact that the adult ovary, contains premeiotic oocyte progenitor cells, called oogonia, which produce a continuous supply of new oocytes throughout ...

In Xenopus the first blood cells to differentiate in the embryo are the primitive myeloid lineages, which arise from the anterior ventral blood islands during the neurula stages. Primitive myeloid cells (PMCs) will give rise to the embryonic pool of neutrophils and macrophages, a highly migr ...

The vertebrate inner ear is composed of several specialized epithelia containing mechanosensory “hair” cells, sensitive to sound and head movements. In mammals, the loss of hair cells for example during aging or after noise trauma is irreversible and results in permanent sensory defici ...

The unlimited differentiation and proliferation capacity of embryonic stem cells represents a great resource for regenerative medicine. Here, we describe a method for differentiating, isolating, and expanding endothelial cells (ECs) from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). F ...

Normal and tumor stem cells are present in rare quantities in tissues and this has historically represented a major hurdle to in-depth investigations of their biology. In the case of the mammary gland, the relative promiscuity of the immunophenotypical markers described in several studi ...

Peripheral nerve injuries are an economic burden for society in general and despite advanced microsurgical reconstruction of the damaged nerves the functional result is unsatisfactory with poor sensory recovery and reduced motor functions (Wiberg and Terenghi, Surg Technol Int ...

In recent years there has been a growing interest in culturing adherent cells using three-dimensional (3D) techniques, rather than more conventional 2D culture methods. This interest emerges from the realization that growing cells on plastic surfaces cannot truly re-create 3D in vivo c ...

The cellular and molecular elements involved in the turnover and regeneration of the lung alveolar epithelium remain largely unknown (Kim, Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 293:L1092–1098, 2007). Isolation and characterization of putative stem cells with limited and nonspecific mar ...

Extracellular signals play a central role in coordinating the growth and differentiation of epidermal stem cells. This protocol describes a technique for quantitatively examining the influence of extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions on keratinocyte terminal differen ...

Skeletal muscle contains an identified resident stem cell population called the satellite cells. This cell is responsible for the majority of the postnatal growth and regenerative potential of skeletal muscle. Other cells do contribute to skeletal muscle regeneration and in cultur ...

A serious shortcoming in the derivation of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines has been the availability of human embryos. About 60% of human embryos generated by in vitro fertilization (IVF) fail to develop normally and are unusable for fertility treatment. Such embryos often retain suff ...

Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines have been derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts. Five hESC lines have been derived from 32 discarded blastocysts in Taiwan, and these lines have since been continuously cultured on mitotically inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblasts as fe ...

Half of the human genome is composed of repeated DNA, and some types are mobile within our genome (transposons and retrotransposons). Despite their abundance, only a small fraction of them are currently active in our genome (Long Interspersed Element-1 (LINE-1), Alu, and SVA elements). LINE-1 or L1 ...

More than 600 human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines have been reported today at the human European Embryonic Stem Cell Registry (http://www.hescreg.eu/). Despite these high numbers, there are currently no general protocols for derivation, culture, and characterization of hESC. Moreo ...

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are self-renewing, pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, early-stage embryos, or blastomeres. hESCs can be propagated indefinitely in an undifferentiated state in vitro and have the ability to differentiate into all cell ...

This chapter describes the principles for derivation and maintenance of human embryonic stem cells. Detailed protocols are outlined and researchers who are generally skilled in mammalian cell culture should be able to repeat the processes successfully. Further, the protocols are i ...

In 1998, a development occurred in stem cell biology with the first report of the derivation of a human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line. Since then a number of techniques have been used to derive and characterise hESCs. Here, we describe the derivation methods used by our laboratory for isolation of the I ...