细胞功能测定

Generation of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in the nervous system involves a sequential process of differentiation. Initially, multipotent stem cells generate more restricted precursor cells, which go through additional stages of differentiation to generate ...

For years, it was generally believed that the normal mammalian postnatal brain had little capacity to produce new neuronal cells or to repair itself after injury (1). However, recent progress in neurobiology has led to a new understanding of the development and cell lineages of mammalian brain c ...

The ability to target biologically active molecules to precise locations in the central nervous system (CNS) is a promising therapeutic treatment. It overcomes many problems encountered by systemic delivery. Among these problems are the inability to penetrate the blood-brain barr ...

The study of the mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases is a highly demanding goal, complicated by the complexity and heterogeneity of the nervous system and by the long period of time over which these pathologies develop in humans. The use of“simplified” in vitro cell models is th ...

Cell replacement and gene transfer approaches for the diseased or injured CNS have provided the basis for the development of potentially powerful new therapeutic strategies for a broad spectrum of brain diseases. Transplantation of cells engineered to produce growth factors or mole ...

Recent advances in molecular biology have led to the identification of several genes expressed at key stages of neural development. In order to evaluate gene function, scientists have typically used transgenic model systems or retroviral gene delivery systems. However, these methods ...

Differential display is an efficient and reproducible method for the detection of differential gene expression between a variety of cells and/or tissue populations (1). The approach is based on reverse transcription with oligo-dT anchored primers and PCR in the presence of the original a ...

Reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) provides a very sensitive method to identify known genes that are both upregulated and downregulated during neuronal differentiation. First strand cDNAs are generated in the initial reaction with reverse transc ...

The use and study of neural stem cells (NSCs) both in vitro and in vivo has increased exponentially over the past 6–8 years, with the majority of laboratories working toward the use of these cells therapeutically. The bulk of the characterization of NSCs has relied on immunocytochemical techniqu ...

The recognition of the potential use of stem cells in the body gives immense hope for the restoration of cell function lost to degenerative disease, injury, or genetic disorders. To prove that transplanted stem cells are actually surviving and functioning, it is necessary to label them for track ...

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are an undifferentiated population of cells residing in the tissue lining the ventricular system of both the embryonic and adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) (1–3). When isolated under the appropriate genetic or epigenetic conditions, NSCs have the abi ...

Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein structures that cap linear eukaryotic chromosomes and function to prevent the chromosomes from recombining or unraveling (1). Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) polymerase that synthesizes telomeric sequence de novo onto the 3′ e ...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a main population of stem cells and can differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Recently, MSC transplantation has been applied to repair the malfunctioned tissues. However, increasing evidences show that some MSCs expanded in vitro and in the ...

Bone-derived stroma cells contain a rare subpopulation, which exhibits enhanced stemness characteristics. Therefore, this particular cell type is often attributed the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). Due to their high proliferation potential, multipotential differentiati ...

Cellular senescence processes affecting tissue resident stem cells are considered, at present, an hallmark of both aging and age-related pathologies. Therefore it is mandatory to address this problem with adequate techniques that could highlight the molecular alterations asso ...

We describe protocols for the isolation of satellite cells from human muscle biopsies, for the in vitro culture of proliferating and differentiating myoblasts, and for the preparation of cell samples suitable for morphological and cytochemical analyses at light and electron micros ...

Our lab developed and optimized a method, known as the modified pre-plate technique, to isolate stem/progenitor cells from skeletal muscle. This method separates different populations of myogenic cells based on their propensity to adhere to a collagen I-coated surface. Based on their su ...

Many chronic liver diseases are life-threatening. When the liver loses the ability to repair itself the only treatment currently available is liver transplant. However, there are not enough donors to treat all the patients. This requires the search of alternative therapies utilizing st ...

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are capable of self-renewal and multi-lineage reconstitution of hematopoiesis in irradiated transplant recipient mice. As such, bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a major assay commonly used to examine murine HSC activity. BMT traditionally in ...

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the ability to self-renew and replenish the blood and immune system for the life span of an individual. An age-associated decline in HSC function is responsible for the decreased immune function and increased incidence of myeloid diseases and anemia in the ...