细胞功能测定

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can differentiate into several types of hematopoietic cells, such as erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, or macrophages, and also undergo self-renewal to sustain hematopoiesis throughout an organism’s lifetime. HSCs e ...

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) undergo multilineage differentiation or self-renewal to maintain normal hematopoiesis and to sustain the size of the HSC pool throughout life. These processes are determined by a complex interplay of molecular signals between HSC and other cellular c ...

Morphometry is a classical quantitative method often used in biology to provide a data basis for functional interpretations/interactions of a particular organ or system. Herein we took advantage of this valuable approach to evaluate the spermatogonial stem cell niche using the horse t ...

The germaria of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster present an excellent model to study germline stem cell–niche interactions. Two to three adult stem cells are surrounded by a number of somatic cells that form the niche. Here we describe how Drosophilae germaria can be dissected and specif ...

Stem cells have an enormous capacity of self-renewal, as well as the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types. Proper control of these two properties of stem cells is crucial for animal development, growth control, and reproduction. Germline stem cells (GSCs) are a self-renewing ...

The design of tissue culture conditions that faithfully reproduce the characteristics of cells in their native environment remains one of the main challenges of cancer stem cell (CSC) biology. Here we describe a detailed methodology for the isolation and expansion of both human colon CSCs a ...

Orthotopic transplantation of tumor tissue into recipient mice has long been established to study the role of the microenvironment in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Many of these transplantation assays involve the surgical implantation of an undissociated piece of tumor tissue. H ...

Stem cells have the ability to switch between proliferative (self-renewal) and differentiation modes. The Drosophila germarium is a well-established in vivo model for the study of communication between stem cells and their niche. One commonly used technique for such study is immunost ...

Mounting evidences indicate that leukemic cells in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are derived from leukemia stem cells (LSC). In analogy to normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), LSC remain mostly dormant and are hence resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Residual, ph ...

The presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow is associated with poor prognosis of cancer patients. However, little is known about the biology of DTCs due to lack of relevant animal models. Here, we describe the methods for detecting and isolating human DTCs from the murine bone m ...

It is widely accepted that mammalian stem cells reside in a specialized cellular and a cellular microenvironment called the niche. The niche contrary to other tissues is characterized by a low partial Oxygen pressure (ppO2). This microenvironment protects stem cells from deleterious e ...

Amniotic fluid-derived stem (AFS) cells have been described as an appealing source of stem cells because of their (1) fetal, non-embryonic origin, (2) easy access during pregnancy overcoming the ethical issues related both to the use of human embryonic cells and to the postnatal tissue biopsy w ...

Skeletal muscle tissue has a remarkable capability of regenerating in pathological conditions or after injury. The principal muscle stem cells, satellite cells, are responsible for this prompt and efficient process. Normally quiescent in their niches underneath the basal lamina of ...

Study of stem cell phenotype and functions requires their proper isolation. Stem cells isolated from skeletal muscle are a useful tool to explore molecular pathways involved in the regulation of myogenesis. Among progenitor cells, a subset of cells, called reserve cells, has been identif ...

Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are totipotent, self-renewing, and clonogenic, having potential to differentiate into a wide variety of cell types. Due to regenerative capability, it has tremendous potential for treating myocardial infarction (death of myocardial tissue) and type 1 diab ...

The subependymal zone (SEZ), frequently named as adult subventricular zone (SVZ), is a niche of adult neural stem and progenitor cells that lines a large extension of the lateral ventricles of the brain. The majority of the studies do not analyze the SEZ throughout its entire extension. Instead, st ...

The infusion of different substances into the left ventricle of the brain allows substances to reach the subventricular zone, one of the neural stem cell niches in the adult brain. Implantation of an osmotic minipump delivers proteins, virus and drugs directly into the lateral ventricle to act ...

Mature megakaryocytes (MM) can be up to 65 μM in diameter and due to their size, viable and pure MM populations have been difficult to isolate in large numbers. Here in, we report a fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) method by which viable and pure populations of 8 N, 16 N, 32 N, and 64 N MM can be isolated from muri ...

Microencapsulation is a technique used in both controlled delivery of materials over time as well as preservation of these materials while delivery is occurring. The range of materials able to be encapsulated is variable, from drugs to living cells. The latter is described here. Electrospr ...

Large-scale biochemical analysis of cell-specific signaling can be interrogated in cocultures of Eph receptor- and ephrin-expressing cells by combining proteomics analysis with cell-specific metabolic labeling. In this chapter, we describe how to perform such large-scale an ...