前沿科技及其它

There is a significant variation of outcome among ovarian cases. Clinical features such as age, stage, comorbidities, or degree of debulking are known prognostic factors for the disease. However, additional variation remains unexplained, some of which may be due to inherited factors. Her ...

The identification of genetic and epigenetic alterations from primary tumor cells has become a common method to discover genes critical to the development, progression, and therapeutic resistance of cancer. We seek to identify those genetic and epigenetic aberrations that have the m ...

This chapter covers the genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using microarray platforms, such as Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChips or HumanMethylation450 BeadChips. Using our previously published ovarian cancer dataset (Bauerschlag et al., Oncology 80: ...

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mapping arrays are a reliable method for identifying somatic copy number alterations in cancer samples. Though this is immensely useful to identify potential driver genes, it is not sufficient to identify genes acting in a concerted manner. In can ...

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a relatively frequent malignant disease with a lifetime risk approaching to approximately 1 in 70. As many as 15–25 % OC arise due to known heterozygous germ-line mutations in DNA repair genes, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51C, NBN (NBS1), BRIP, and PALB2. Sporadic ovarian cancers oft ...

The p53 tumor-suppressor gene plays a crucial role in the cellular response to stress (reviewed by Vogelstein et al. ). Under normal conditions, p53 is rapidly degraded and thus is not present in detectable levels within the cell. A variety of cellular stresses, including DNA damage and oncogene ac ...

Resistance to chemotherapy is a major source of failure in cancer treatment. A large number of cancers are intrinsically resistant to cytostatic agents; others initially respond to treatment, but subsequently develop a resistance to the drugs being used. Of the human solid malignancies, ...

Lung cancer is a devastating illness, and very few of the advances in chemotherapeutics have enhanced survival over the past decade. In order to make an impact on this disease, we must understand the molecular abnormalities to target better therapeutics. In this chapter, we will describe the bet ...

In this chapter we describe an approach to the analysis of human tumors that emphasizes the performance of multiple simultaneous measurements on each of several thousand cells in each tumor sample. This approach can be implemented using such technologies as flow cytometry, laser-scann ...

Present diagnostic techniques do not allow the detection of early metastatic spread of tumor cells, although this spread largely determines the clinical course of patients with small primary cancers, especially lung cancer. To improve the diagnosis of this occult stage of early metast ...

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 75% of all human lung carcinomas and is a major cause of mortality worldwide (1). About 70% of the cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, thus being suitable only for chemotherapy. Twenty-five percent of NSCLC patients are candidat ...

Tumorigenesis of the bronchial epithelium occurs through multiple and sequential morphological and molecular changes (1). In the respiratory tract, the earliest detectable morphological change is squamous metaplasia of the tracheo-bronchial epithelium upon exposure to c ...

Lung cancer is the most common cancer with the highest mortality worldwide. An estimated 1.04 million new cases were diagnosed and 921,000 deaths occurred in 1990. In the United States, an estimated 171,600 new cases of lung cancer with 158,900 deaths were reported in 1999 (1). Most lung tumors are inop ...

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cause of death by malignancy in both men and women in the United States (1). The current staging system for NSCLC considers the size and location of the primary tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastases ...

Transcription factors play a crucial role in the determination and maintenance of differentiated cellular phenotype and their activity is considered to constitute the main switch to regulate gene expression (1). Based on their localization and expression, transcription facto ...

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) comprises a significant fraction of all lung cancers; it is most frequent in women, where it represents up to 25% (1). It is characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation, with immunohistochemistry for certain neuroepithelial markers used in diagnosis to ...

Early diagnosis of lung cancer is critical, as most cases are already inoperable at the time of diagnosis, and thus bear a grave prognosis. With increasing knowledge of the genetic aspects of lung cancer, the field has also experienced an increasing number of potential markers that might serve in the ...

Lung cancer is a disease with high incidence and mortality (1). The prognosis for patients with lung cancer is most favorable when tumors are detected early in a surgically resectable stage of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods that can increase the percentage of cases of lung cancer dete ...

When lung cancer is detected, in the majority of cases it cannot be effectively treated and the patient will die of the disease. At presentation, most thoracic tumors are currently staged as nonresectable (1). This factor, coupled with the relative resistance of the disease to chemotherapeutic ...

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are mitogenic peptide hormones involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, transformation, and apoptosis. The members of the IGF family include two types of peptides (IGF-1 and IGF-2), two types of cell membrane receptors (IG ...