数据库

Many biocatalysts have been shown powerful in enabling reactions among a broad range of substrates possessing very different hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity. Biphasic reaction systems, especially oil–water biphasic systems, have been commonly adopted to mediate such rea ...

Continued exploration into the field of chemically induced dimerization (CID) has revealed a number of applications for its use in a broader context as a method of structural assembly (1–4). In particular, the use of CID technology to generate self-assembled (and selectively disassemble ...

Most of the bacterial cytochrome P450s require two kinds of electron transfer proteins, ferredoxin and ferredoxin reductase, and thus P450s do not show catalytic activity by themselves. A microbial transglutaminase-mediated site-specific cross-linking enables the formati ...

The prerequisite for many successful enzyme-based biotechnologies is the preparation of highly stable and active biocatalysts, which can be achieved effectively by immobilization. This chapter introduces the immobilization of enzymes by entrapment in nanoporous silica pa ...

This chapter describes a method for generating uniform lab-scale biocatalytic nanoporous latex coatings. Nearly everything we come into contact with on a daily basis has been coated with some polymer material. High-speed waterborne polymer coating and ink-jet printing techniques ...

Compared to other nanomaterials as supports for enzyme immobilization, nanofibers provide a promising configuration in balancing the key factors governing the catalytic performance of the immobilized enzymes including surface area-to-volume ratio, mass transfer resist ...

This chapter provides an overview of key tools and methodologies available to practitioners of biocatalysis interested in using microorganisms to carry out biotransformations and describes specific examples of applying genetic modification strategies for strain design. ...

Synthetic biology promises to enhance our ability to control biological systems by creating a systematic approach for the construction of genetic circuits that reliably program cellular function. As part of this approach, efficient methods are needed for the tuning of genetic circui ...

Supported or modified enzymes in the form of mobile nanoparticles are designed for enhanced activities and stabilities; however, their practical operations are dwarfed due to their tiny size which always makes recycling an arduous task and a potential risk to the environment. To overcome ...

Enzymatic catalysis in nonaqueous media is considered as an attractive tool for the preparation of a variety of organic compounds of commercial interest. This approach is advantageous for numerous reasons including the enhanced stability of some substrates and products in solvents, ...

Here we describe a new method for the production of thiol-silicate particles and the entrapment of enzymes within the thiol particles as they are formed. When bio-inspired polymers (polyethyleneimine) are combined with a silicic acid source and phosphate buffer under pH neutral conditi ...

Enzymes have been incorporated in nanostructures in order to provide robust catalysts for valuable reactions, particularly those performed under harsh and denaturing conditions. This chapter describes the encapsulation of enzymes in polyacrylamide nanogels by a two-step in s ...

Starch mainly consists of amylopectin (70–80% w/w) and amylose (20–30% w/w). Amylopectin is a branched macromolecule (mol wt 107–5.108) of which on average 1 in 20–25 α-(1,4)-bond glucose units is branched by an α-(1,6)-D-glucosidic bond. Amylose (mol wt 105–107) consists of much longer linear chains of ...

Inulin is a fructose polymer found in plants such as Jerusalem artichoke, chicory, and dahlia (1–2). It has been widely investigated as a source for the production of ultra-high-fructose syrup through enzymatic hydrolysis by exoinulinase (EC 3.2.1.80; β-D-fructan fructohydrolase) acti ...

The enzymatic depolymerization of chitin has been explored in consideration of the disadvantages of the chemical hydrolysis, namely partial deacetylation of the resulting oligomers, difficulty of controlling depolymerization, low yield, cumbersome isolation of oligomer ...

Hemicelluloses are heteropolysaccharides that occur in many plant cell walls. Usually hemicelluloses consist of a xylan backbone highly substituted with sugar side chains and with acetyl, feruloyl, coumaroyl, and other groups; the polymer is linked to protein, cellulose, and other c ...

This chapter demonstrates a practical approach to a rather sophisticated multienzymatic one-pot reaction in glycoscience. The first applications using the multienzyme system in glycosylation were mostly targeted to generation or regeneration of the activated glycosyl don ...

Progress in the development of knowledge of “glycobiology” is seriously impeded by the lack of quantities of characterized oligosaccharides available at reasonable prices. Specialist companies offer chemically synthesized materials, but prices tend to be high because of the co ...

The realization that the oligosaccharide moieties of glycoconjugates, such as glycoproteins and glycolipids, are involved in important intra- and intercellular of important oligosaccharide structures as tools in analytical and therapeutic studies (see refs. 1 and 2 for review ...

Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE�) is a technique that has been successfully used to determine the structure of N-linked oligosaccharides (1,2). The method was originally introduced by Peter Jackson (3) to separate both mono- and oligosaccharides, and se ...