实验基础

呈圆球形或近似圆球形，有的呈矛头状或肾状。单个球菌的直径约在0.8～1.2um左右。由于繁殖时细菌细胞分裂方向和分裂后细菌粘连程度及排列方式不同可分为：（一）双球菌（diplococcus）:在一个平面上分裂成双排列，如肺炎双球菌、脑膜炎双球菌。（二）链球菌（streptococcus）：在一个平面上分裂 ，成链状排列，如溶血性链球菌。（三）四联球菌（micrococcus tetragenus） ...

球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill 属于链孢霉科。寄生于家蚕幼虫体内(可寄生于60多种昆虫体上)，使家蚕病死。干燥后的尸体称为僵蚕。入药能祛风、镇惊等。由于加强防治。近年来白僵菌对家蚕的感染大为减少，为解决僵蚕的药源问题，以蚕蛹为原料，接入白僵菌，所得蚕蛹可代僵蚕用。

各种杆菌的大小、长短、弯度、粗细差异较大。大多数杆菌中等大小长2～5um，宽0.3～1um。大的杆菌如炭疽杆菌(3～5um×1.0～1.3um)小的如野兔热杆菌(0.3～0.7um×0.2um)。菌体的形态多数呈直杆状，也有的菌体微弯。菌体两端多呈钝圆形，少数两端平齐（如炭疽杆菌），也有两端尖细（如梭杆菌）或未端膨大呈棒状（如白喉杆菌）。排列一般分散存在，无一定排列形式，偶有成对或链状，个别呈特殊 ...

重组腺病毒构建，扩增及纯化基本技术操作（细菌内同源重组AdEasy System）一 目的基因的克隆（以pshuttle-CMV质粒为例）1. 选择适当酶切位点，进行酶切连接，将目的片段插入pshuttl-CMV质粒多克隆位点。2. 重组质粒鉴定： 酶切鉴定或测序。3. 重组质粒扩增，纯化并准备适量含目的基因的穿梭质粒。4. 用PmeI单酶切线性化重组穿梭质 ...

To 2mls of mid-log culture or 1ml of freshly saturated culture add 1 ml(or an equal volume) of glycerol solution mix gently then freeze rapidly in liquid nitrogen or on dry ice. Store at -20°C and - 7 ...

在293 细胞中大量扩增腺病毒一旦重组病毒已被纯化和鉴定，即可在293 细胞中进行大量扩增。本手册提供了递增培养规模和腺病毒感染周期的基本方法，按这一方法最终得到的病毒量约为3×1011～3×1012。由于一个细胞中所含的病毒颗粒为1000～10000，因此1L 培养细胞可得到约5×1012 病毒颗粒。如果要把病毒用氯化铯梯度离心纯化，则必须至少3×108 的细胞，这样才能正确分辨出病毒带。对于蛋 ...

Procedure: Day One 1. Plate cells in 60 mm dishes using 5 ml DMEM containing 10% Calf Serum. The protocol has worked well for NIH3T3 with 1 x 105 cells and BALB/c3T3 with 2 x 105 cells. For the NIH ce ...

1，用异硫氰酸胍提取1.取200ul样品数+阴性对照+阳性对照个1.5ml灭菌eppendorf管2.加600ul异硫氰酸胍，然后加入对照和样品，再加200ul氯仿，颠倒混匀3.13000rpm离心15min4.在第3步离心快结束时，另取同样多eppendorf管，加入400ul -20度预冷的异丙醇5.取第3步离心的上清（一定不要吸取到中间白色层，第3步离心结束往外拿的时候，管子尽量不要倾斜）转 ...

DNA Digestion and Extraction from Mouse Tail v Cut about 5mm of mouse tail place in a 1.6mL eppendorf tube on ice (if very cold the tail is not going to stick to the teflon pestle) v Homogenize tails ...

As the fungal growth suppression by biocontrol agents (BCA) in solid media using dual plate assay has some issues regarding nutrient limitation. A protocol for fungal suppression in liquid medium cont ...

IntroductionPresently the consumption of probiotic food is highly popular worldwide for their health beneficial effects. Commonly used probiotic bacteria belong to lactic acid bacteria (LAB) family i. ...

Points to bear in mind Target cells have to be dividing to be infected. The viral RNA/protein complex cannot enter the nucleus and has to wait for the nuclear membrane to dissolve at mitosis.Typical p ...

ProcedurePrepare serial 10-fold dilutions of transformed bacteria in LB and spread 100 µL onto LB/Amp plates as described in the Electroporation protocol. Incubate at 37°C overnight. Also streak out p ...

Desalt DNA template by EtOH precipitation in NaOAc followed by at least 2x washes with 70% EtOH. Resuspend in 5 - 15 µL of sterile H2O. Rinse cuvettes (if they have been used before) 5x with deionied ...

1. Grow 250 ­ 500 mL of bacteria overnight in LB with 50 µg/mL of ampicillin.2. Transfer culture to Nalgene bottles. Spin in SGA rotor at 6000 rpm at 4°C for 10 min.3. Discard supernatant. Keep everyt ...

Most plasmids can be adequately prepped by kits containing DNA binding columns. These columns do not do a great job of separating plasmid DNA from contaminating bacterial chromosomal DNA. If the chrom ...

The following protocol can be used to optimize ligation conditions for difficult to clone (e.g. very large) fragments. The principle is to independently characterize the ligation kinetics of the vecto ...

Antibiotic ConcentrationsThe following list shows recommended antibiotic concentrations for LB media or agar plates. Antibiotic ConcentrationAmpicillin 100 μg/mLBleocin 5 μg/mLCarbenicillin 100 μg/mLC ...

MaterialsSolution II: 0.2N NaOH/1% SDSSolution III: 3 M KOAc pH4.8RNAseA (DNAse free) 10 µg/mLChloroform/Isoamyl alcohol (1/25 v/v)Isopropanol70 % ethanol13% PEG8000Procedure1) Culture 5 mL of bacteri ...

Materials Colonies of bacteria from Exercise 12.2ToothpicksCrystal violetGram''s iodine95 ethanolSafraninMicroscopes with oil immersion Procedure Before staining the individual colonies you should fir ...