基因表达差异显示实验

Sirtuins are a class of enzymes with important functions in regulation aging, metabolism, and genome stability. They were originally known as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent protein lysine deacetylases. However, recently it has been discovered that certain ...

Lysine acetylation is an important posttranslational modification known to alter protein structure and function. Understanding the mechanisms involved in regulating protein acetylation remains a key factor in elucidating what role this modification plays in numerous dis ...

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) plays a critical role in regulating numerous biological and physiological pathways including metabolism, inflammation, cancer, and aging in mammals. Here we describe a highly quantitative method with reverse-phase high-performa ...

The sirtuins are a family of highly conserved NAD+-dependent lysine deacylases with important roles in metabolic regulation. Of the seven mammalian sirtuins, three localize to the mitochondria: SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5. Mitochondrial sirtuins are crucial regulators of the metabolic ...

Evaluating the precise catalytic activity of sirtuin proteins in vivo is a challenging endeavor. Enzymological methods, including those employed in commercially available kits, require the isolation of immunopurified protein from cells or tissues, which can perturb regulato ...

Evidence suggests a role for acetylation and deacetylation in regulating autophagy. In this chapter, we describe the methods useful for understanding this important connection. In particular, we discuss methods for the measurements of sirtuin deacetylase activity, in vivo acety ...

One of the most important roles of Sirtuins is to ensure the maintenance of genome integrity under stress conditions. In this chapter, we provide a methodology to study this role of Sirtuins at two different levels: detection of genomic instability (with the Neutral Comet Assay) and study of Sirtu ...

Calorie restriction is the most powerful method currently known to delay aging-associated disease and extend lifespan. Use of this technique in combination with genetic models has led to identification of key metabolic regulators of lifespan. Limiting energy availability by rest ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted ever-increasing interest in recent years. Since experimental approaches for determining miRNAs are nontrivial in their application, computational methods for the prediction of miRNAs have gained popularity. Such methods can be grouped into ...

MicroRNA profiling is an important task to investigate miRNA functions and recent technologies such as microarray, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) have played a major role for miRNA analysis. In this ch ...

The machine learning field, which can be briefly defined as enabling computers make successful predictions using past experiences, has exhibited an impressive development recently with the help of the rapid increase in the storage capacity and processing power of computers. Togeth ...

Profiling microRNA (miRNA) expression is of widespread interest due to their critical roles in diverse biological processes, including development, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Profiling can be achieved via three major methods: amplification-bas ...

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are ribonucleic acids capable of controlling different genetic and metabolic functions. These molecules have been recently organized into different classes, and among them microRNAs (miRNAs) are extensively studied. MicroRNAs are short oligomers ma ...

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field mainly involving molecular biology and genetics, computer science, mathematics, and statistics. Data intensive, large-scale biological problems are addressed from a computational point of view. The most common problems are mod ...

About 20 years have passed since the discovery of the first microRNA (miRNA) and by now microRNAs are implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Since the discovery of the powerful effect miRNAs have on biological processes, it has been suggested that mutations aff ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny regulators of gene expression on the posttranscriptional level. Since the discovery of the first miRNA 20 years ago, thousands of them have been described. The discovered miRNAs have regulatory functions in biological and pathological processes. Biolog ...

MicroRNAs are 20–24-nucleotide-long noncoding RNAs that bind to the 3′ UTR (untranslated region) of target mRNAs. Since their discovery, microRNAs have been gaining attention for their ability to contribute to gene expression regulation under various physiological conditions. C ...

Personalized medicine comprises the genetic information together with the phenotypic and environmental factors to yield healthcare tailored to an individual and removes the limitations of the “one-size-fits-all” therapy approach. This provides the opportunity to transla ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs of 17–25 nt in length that control gene expression posttranscriptionally. As master regulators of posttranscriptional gene expression, miRNAs themselves are subject to tight regulation at multiple steps. The most common mechanisms i ...

MicroRNAs play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression with two major functions: marking mRNA for degradation in a sequence-specific manner or repressing translation. Publicly available data sets on miRNA and mRNA expression in embryonal and induced stem cells, human tiss ...