In vitro preparations of one whole hippocampus or one entire neocortical hemisphere (so-called intact preparations) combine the technical possibilities of conventional in vitro slice preparations with the advantage of a preserved intrinsic connectivity of a defined brain reg ...
Central mammalian neurons often show spontaneous discharge of single action potentials at regular rate. Several types of such ‘tonic’ neurons are involved in sensing or control of the intake and processing of food. Brain slices containing tonically active hypothalamic neurons are one ...
Understanding mammalian neural networks such as the central pattern generator (CPG) for locomotion requires the use of multiple experimental models. In vitro approaches provide easy access to the spinal cord, thus allowing more experimental tools to be used. In this chapter, some estab ...
En bloc and transversal slice preparations from perinatal rodents are established in vitro models for studying control of breathing by neurons and neighboring glial cells in the lower brainstem. These neural “respiratory networks in the dish” show features complementary with those in ...
Emergence of neuronal membrane excitability (e.g., voltage-gated ion conductances) and spontaneous electrical activity (e.g., spontaneous firing of action potentials) is an imperative for the normal development and maturation of brain circuits. Understanding the interplay ...
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-ergic interneurons are a structurally and functionally diverse group of cells that, together, regulate the activity of neuronal networks giving rise to the brain oscillations necessary for information processing. The phenotypes of GABAergic neuro ...
In mammals, the part of the nervous system responsible for most circadian behavior can be localized to a bilaterally paired structure in the hypothalamus known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Understanding this mammalian circadian system will require a detailed multilevel an ...
Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex and neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) were among the first central neurons to be studied extensively through the use of in vitro preparations. Yet, the degree to which the patterns of action potential (“spike”) output recorded in these cells in vitro ...
Osmoregulatory neural networks in the mammalian hypothalamus are responsible for keeping plasma osmolality near a constant set point. This process involves primary osmosensory neurons located in the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT) and effector neurons located e ...
The cerebral cortex in vivo generates different patterns of rhythmic activities with frequency rates ranging from below 1 Hz to fast frequencies well above 10 Hz. Some of these activities occur in the absence of external input and are a consequence of recurrent connectivity within the cortic ...
Self-motion is often a major component of sensation. Comprehensive understanding of natural sensory processing in neural systems thus requires neural recording be coupled to high-resolution observation of behavior. The rodent vibrissa (whisker) system has several advantag ...
Large-scale recording of neural activity in waking animals provides us with a window on computations performed in the brain during behavior. In order to better understand these computations, population decoding techniques are used to study what information about the external envir ...
Patch‐Clamp in Awake Mice? Membrane potential dynamics resulting from the integration of thousands of synaptic inputs and intrinsic membrane properties underlie the generation of action potential in neurons of the central nervous system. The investigation of membrane potenti ...
The recording of local field potentials (LFPs) has become a major tool in the analysis of electrical signaling in the brain. By yielding information about correlated activity in small neuronal populations, LFPs have been used to study mechanisms of sensory encoding, motor planning, cogni ...
Dynamic clamp is a technique that combines computer modeling with experimental electrophysiology and is used to examine how specific ion channels modulate a variety of single-cell activities, by artificially emulating the response properties of specific ionic conductances du ...
The introduction of fluorescent probes and light-sensitive molecules and the recent development of optogenetics are tremendously contributing to our understanding of neuronal circuit function. In parallel with the development of these optical tools, new technologies for the ...
Voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) is the optical interrogation of transmembrane voltage using an exogenous membrane-bound probe. When bulk-applied to intact tissue, voltage-sensitive dyes allow the measurement at high temporal and spatial resolution of subthreshold po ...
The recent development of optical methods for controlling the activity of specific populations of neurons holds tremendous promise for understanding the roles of neural subtypes in local circuits, a major goal of systems neuroscience. Optogenetic tools, in combination with elect ...
Cortical activity during sleep and waking is traditionally investigated with electroencephalography (EEG). The most distinctive feature of neocortical activity during sleep is the occurrence of EEG slow waves, arising from quasi-synchronous periods of activity and silence a ...
Most of our understanding of the brain activity and its relation to behavior comes from the electrophysiological studies of neuronal activity at different levels. Extracellular recording of spiking and local field potential activity gives the most comprehensive picture of the bra ...
关于丁香通
公司信息
个人用户
企业机构
