植物学技术

Novel and improved analytical methods have led to a rapid increase in our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying plant signal transduction. Progress has been made both at the level of single-component analysis and in vivo imaging as well as at the systems level where transcript ...

Cyclic dinucleotides such as bis-(3′,5′)-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) and bis-(3′,5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) represent important second messengers in bacteria. Although their synthesis has not been described in plants so far, t ...

Adenylate cyclases (ACs) are enzymes capable of converting adenosine-5′-triphosphate to cyclic 3′, 5′-�adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). In animals and lower eukaryotes, ACs and their product cAMP have firmly been established as important signalling molecules with important rol ...

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is a novel second messenger that releases calcium from intracellular stores. Although first shown to release calcium in the sea urchin egg, cADPR has been shown since to be active in a variety of cells and tissues, from plant to human. cADPR stimulates calcium release via ry ...

The cyclic nucleotide 3′,5′-cyclic guanyl monophosphate (cGMP) has been implicated in the regulation of important plant processes. To unravel its physiological role further, accurate recording of dynamic changes in cGMP concentration is necessary. Fluorescent sensors based on b ...

The application of patch- and voltage-clamp methods to study ion transport can be limited by many �hurdles: the size of the cells to be patched and/or stabbed, the subcellular localization of the molecule of interest, and its density of expression that could be too low even in their own native environm ...

Changes in ion permeability and subsequently intracellular ion concentrations play a crucial role in intracellular and intercellular communication and, as such, confer a broad array of developmental and adaptive responses in plants. These changes are mediated by the activity of pl ...

Calcium (Ca2+) is a key component of the signalling network by which plant cells respond to developmental and environmental signals. A change in guard cell cytosolic free Ca2+(cyt) is an early event in the response of stomata to both opening and closing stimuli, and cyclic nucleotide-mediated Ca ...

Phosphoproteomics is a fast-growing field that aims at characterizing phosphorylated proteins in a cell or a tissue at a given time. Phosphorylation of proteins is an important regulatory mechanism in many cellular processes. Gel-free phosphoproteome technique involving enric ...

To enable easy access and interpretation of heterogenous and scattered data, we have developed a user-friendly tool for data mining and integration in Arabidopsis thaliana, designated CORrelation NETworks (acronym CORNET), allowing browsing of microarray data, construction of ...

Transcriptome coexpression analysis is an excellent tool for predicting the physiological functions of genes. It is based on the “guilt-by-association” principle. Generally, genes involved in certain metabolic processes are coordinately regulated. In other words, coexpres ...

The recent development of various deep sequencing techniques has led to the most powerful transcript profiling method available to date, RNA sequencing or RNA-Seq. Besides the identification of new genes and new splice variants of known genes, RNA-Seq allows to compare the whole transcri ...

cDNA-AFLP is a commonly used, robust, and reproducible tool for genome-wide expression analysis in any species, without requirement of prior sequence knowledge. Quantitative expression data are generated by gel-based visualization of cDNA-AFLP fingerprints obtained by selec ...

Plants accumulate an overwhelming variety of secondary metabolites that play important roles in defense and interaction of the plant with its environment. To investigate the dynamics of plant secondary metabolism, large-scale untargeted metabolite profiling (metabolomi ...

Metabolomics based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be used to monitor the metabolite response of plants to jasmonic acid. Metabolomics experiments consist of three important steps: sample preparation, NMR analysis, and data mining. In sample preparation, a very critical fact ...

The endogenous concentration of N-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is regulated by the balance between biosynthesis and deactivation and controls plant developmental processes and stress responses. Therefore, profiling of its precursors and metabolites is required to un ...

The Nicotiana tabacum lectin, also designated Nictaba, is a nucleocytoplasmic carbohydrate-binding protein produced in tobacco leaves after application of specific jasmonates and upon insect herbivory. Here, we describe different techniques by which lectin production can ...

Jasmonic acid (JA) is a plant hormone that mediates a wide variety of plant developmental processes and defense responses. One of the major roles of JA is the versatile enhancement of the production of secondary metabolites that function as second messengers in plant defense responses. Rece ...

The sequence information generated through genome and transcriptome analysis from plant tissues has reached unprecedented sizes. Sequence homology-based annotations may provide hints for the possible function and roles of particular plant genes, but the functional annota ...

The electrophoretic mobility shift assay based on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the study of the interaction of transcription factors with DNA in vitro. It relies on a change in the electrophoretic mobility of a DNA fragment ...