细胞技术

In this chapter we are going to mention about three different approaches in lipidomics and how to effectively profile or calculate the amounts of phospholipids from major molecular species up to minor ones. 1) Precise identi

Lipidomics aim to generate qualitative and quantitative information on different classes of lipids and their species, and when applied in conjunction with proteomic and genomic assays, facilitate the comprehensive study of lipid metabolism in cellular, organ, or body systems. Adv ...

Membrane rafts are ordered microdomains of the plasma membrane consisting of cholesterol, sphingolipids, and saturated fatty acids which appear to regulate many cellular signaling pathways. One such type of membrane raft is caveolae, which are cave-like invaginations of the plasma ...

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) provides a unique method to probe for chemical distributions within tissue sections with high chemical specificity. The direct analysis of tissue sections by mass spectrometry, which is the field of IMS, is relatively young, 10 year old; however, the techni ...

High-pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) has become a de facto standard analytical tool in lipidomic analyses of complex biological samples. This technique offers the best combination of selectivity and sensitivity among the currently available an ...

Lipidomics studies the large-scale changes in nonwater-soluble metabolites (lipids) accompanying perturbations of biological systems. Because lipids are involved in crucial biological mechanisms, there is a growing scientific interest in using lipidomic approaches to ...

Lipids from dietary sources or from de novo synthesis are transported while bound to proteins to other tissues where they are used for cell membrane synthesis or stored for energy generation. In cell membranes or in plasma, lipids can undergo several modifications that are important in cell fun ...

Despite an increasing recognition of the causative and diagnostic role of lipids in the onset and progression of retinal disease, information on the global lipid profile of the normal retina is quite limited. Here, a “shotgun” tandem mass spectrometry approach involving the use of multiple l ...

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) is an omega-3 fatty acid with a 22 carbon acyl chain containing six cis double bonds and is predominantly found in membrane glycerophospholipids. Dietary consumption of DHA has been positively linked with the prevention of numerous pathologies and cons ...

Contamination from subcellular organelles and myelin has hindered attempts to characterize the lipidome of brain mitochondria. A high degree of mitochondrial purity is required for accurate measurements of the content and molecular species composition of mitochondrial lip ...

Matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) can provide rapid, sensitive determinations of lipids from small tissue samples in both single determinations and automated high-throughput assays. MALDI-TOF MS is a sensiti ...

Eicosanoids are oxygenated, endogenous, unsaturated fatty acids derived from arachidonic acid. Detection and quantification of these compounds are of great interest because they play important roles in a number of significant diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive ...

Applications of tandem mass spectrometry in the field of lipid clinical chemistry are considered. Haemato�logical and biochemical advantages are presented favoring the choice of red blood cell membranes as a starting material in a wide variety of biomedical fields. Practical consi ...

Subversion of the host response to virus infection is a universal theme of virology and viral immunology. Multiple mechanisms are in place to limit virus spread on behalf of the host, yet through evolution, viruses have adapted to either weaken or eliminate the effects of these host factors. Cell de ...

Apoptosis is a genetically controlled process of cell suicide that plays an important role in animal development and in maintaining homeostasis. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has proven to be an excellent model organism for studying the mechanisms controlling apoptosis and ...

Drosophila is a powerful model system for the identification of cell death genes and understanding the role of cell death in development. In this chapter, we describe three methods typically used for the detection of cell death in Drosophila. The TUNEL and acridine orange methods are used to dete ...

Accumulating evidence suggests that yeasts are capable of undergoing programmed cell death (PCD) to benefit long-term survival of the species, and that yeast and mammals may share at least partially conserved PCD pathways. In our experience, mammalian apoptosis assays have not been rea ...

One of the hallmarks of development is that many more cells are produced than are ultimately needed for organogenesis. In the case of striated skeletal muscle, large numbers of myoblasts are generated in the somites and then migrate to take up residence in the limbs and the trunk. A subset of these cells f ...

Acute myocardial infarction represents the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the western societies. Importantly, both apoptosis and necrosis of cardiomyocytes have been implicated in the pathomechanism of myocardial infarction. The simplest way to analyze apoptos ...

In mammalian cells, apoptotic and anti-apoptotic pathways may be investigated using a variety of biochemical, molecular, and genetic approaches. Retrovirus mediated genetic screens have proven a powerful tool in mapping out the network of players in a number of signaling pathways. We ha ...